Mathematical Physics

Archimedean Tilings as Physical Microstructure of Compact Extra Dimensions:Finite Kaluza--Klein Spectra and an Eight-Sheet Fermion Hypothesis

Authors: Abel Liu

We propose a physical-tiling hypothesis for a $5+1$-dimensional Kaluza--Klein compactification: at microscopic scales the two compact dimensions are carried by finite periodic Archimedean graphs, whose vertices, edges, faces, and associated fields are physical rather than auxiliary discretization data. To accommodate all eight tilings in one four-dimensional theory, we explicitly choose a compact internal space with eight toroidal sheets. Each sheet has its own regular-polygon tiling while all sheets share the macroscopic spacetime. A fundamental quadratic action for vertex fields gives a finite graph-Laplacian mass spectrum, hence a finite KK-like tower. We prove exact formulae for its first three normalized spectral moments in terms of the vertex degree and triangle incidence. In particular, the two trivalent tilings $4.6.12$ and $3.12.12$ have respective third moments $54$ and $52$, a tiling-dependent result not contained in a generic continuum torus Fourier formula. The conventional KK dispersion arises only in a long-wavelength regime after matching an effective spectral metric. We also state a precise $2+3+3$ rule for candidate fermion sectors on the eight sheets, including the condition for a common color triplet. Distance-pair group labels, Wilson loops, gravitational volume matching, and chiral zero modes are kept at their respective logical levels. The result is a falsifiable effective model and a spectral sum rule, not a completed derivation of the Standard Model.

Comments: 8 Pages.

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Submission history

[v1] 2026-09-25 08:01:38

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