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[17] ai.viXra.org:2606.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-19 11:33:11
Authors: Nick Markov
Comments: 19 Pages.
Gravity is traditionally described through the curvature of spacetime or, in the Newtonian limit, through the gravitational potential generated by mass. In this work, we explore the possibility that gravitational phenomena may be interpreted as manifestations of cumulative relativistic interaction delays associated with finite-speed propagation within self-gravitating systems. Rather than modifying established gravitational laws, the approach seeks to provide a causal interpretation of gravitational potential and spacetime curvature in terms of accumulated propagation delays between source and observer.The proposed interpretation is examined across three distinct astrophysical regimes. First, self-gravitating planetary and stellar bodies are considered. The framework implies a connection between characteristic internal propagation speeds and escape velocities through the equivalence of the associated relativistic time-dilation factors. Comparison with observational data reveals a close correspondence between these quantities in gravity-shaped bodies possessing coherent internal propagation paths.Second, the framework is extended to galaxies, where gravitational and kinematic time-dilation effects coexist. In this mixed regime, orbital motion contributes significantly to the cumulative delay, providing a natural interpretation of the observed connection between characteristic velocities and gravitational dynamics.Third, galaxy clusters are examined as systems in which collective kinematic effects become increasingly important relative to gravitational time-dilation contributions. Observed relations among velocity dispersion, gravitational redshift, and lensing mass are shown to be consistent with the hypothesis that these observables probe a common underlying delay structure. In this interpretation, planetary interiors, galaxies, and galaxy clusters probe cumulative interaction delays through internal material propagation, mixed material—gravitational interactions, and large-scale gravitational dynamics, respectively.The results suggest that cumulative relativistic interaction delay provides a unified phenomenological interpretation of gravitational behavior across multiple astrophysical scales. The proposed framework preserves the observed gravitational phenomenology described by General Relativity while offering a possible physical explanation for the origin of the associated spacetime curvature. This interpretation motivates further investigation of finite-speed interaction effects in self-gravitating systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] ai.viXra.org:2606.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-18 10:18:25
Authors: Nick Markov
Comments: 10 Pages.
Escape velocity and internal propagation speed are generally regarded as independent properties of self-gravitating bodies. Escape velocity is determined by the global gravitational potential, whereas propagation speed depends primarily on local material properties such as density and elastic response. Here we report a previously unrecognized correspondence between these quantities across a range of gravity-shaped bodies. Observational data for Earth, Mars, Venus, the Moon, and the Sun indicate that characteristic internal propagation velocities closely match the corresponding escape velocities despite substantial differences in composition, thermodynamic state, and evolutionary history.The observed relation spans more than two orders of magnitude in characteristic velocity and appears to hold for both planetary and stellar interiors. For tidally locked bodies such as the Moon, a geometric correction associated with non-radial propagation yields the same scaling behavior. The correspondence is quantified through the dimensionless ratio �� = �� ��������/�� ��, which remains close to unity across the investigated bodies within observational uncertainty.The relation was originally identified as a consequence of a broader framework in which gravitational potential is associated with cumulative relativistic interaction delay. Within that framework, equating the relativistic time-dilation factors associated with finite-speed propagation and gravitational potential leads directly to the observed scaling. Although the physical origin of the correspondence remains open, the results suggest an unexpected connection between internal propagation processes and gravitational potential. Future planetary, lunar, and helioseismic observations may provide additional tests of the proposed relation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] ai.viXra.org:2606.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-19 03:25:24
Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 4 Pages.
For decades, the scientific community has recognized that our universe is expanding at an accelerating rate (Riess A. G. et al., 1998); however, in some respects, cosmology has not taken this into account. The FLRW metric assumes that time has always passed in the same way at every moment and place, that is, that the Lapse function is equal to one. In recent years, this problem has been studied in greater depth (Melia, F., 2019, 2023), demonstrating that a Lapse function equal to one is only valid for non-accelerating universes and not for accelerating ones. Therefore, errors are made when referencing times to reference frames with a Lapse function equal to one, so these times are not the true times. It is necessary to find an inertial reference frame in our accelerating universe that allows us to determine times correctly, and to find it, we must modify the Lapse function. In this work, we have studied what the Lapse function should be in order to lead to a free-fall reference frame and in it determine the true times of the ages of galaxies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] ai.viXra.org:2606.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-17 18:55:28
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 11 Pages.
A concise record of successful predictions is often more persuasive than hundreds of pages of theoretical development because it directly addresses the central question every physicist asks: What did the model predict before the observational data became available? In this paper, we present several quantitative predictions made by the World—Universe Model (WUM) in 2013 [1,2] that were subsequently confirmed by observations and measurements. These prior predictions constitute one of the strongest arguments for the long-term scientific significance of WUM.The paper presents a self-consistent set of (Q)-dependent, time-varying values for the primary cosmological parameters of the World, including the Newtonian gravitational parameter (G), the Hubble parameter (H_0), the concentration of intergalactic plasma, the minimum photon energy, the temperature of the Microwave Background Radiation (MBR), and the peak temperature of the Far-Infrared Background Radiation (FIRB). The obtained set of values was recommended for consideration in the 2014 adjustment of the CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] ai.viXra.org:2606.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-13 20:57:11
Authors: Karen Lines
Comments: 7 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This submision is speculative and may not be within the scope of ai.viXa.org; please cite listed scientific references)
The nature of dark matter remains unknown. This paper proposes a geometric model: dark matter is a primordial, slowly evolving foam — a continuous, fractal scaffold that constitutes the skeleton of the universe. Ordinary matter does not clump under pressure but instead fills the voids of this foam without resistance. This filling process explains the observed cosmic web (JWST COSMOS-Web map, 2026) as a ghost trace of the underlying foam. The foam is not strictly timeless; it evolves on timescales far longer than the current age of the universe, making it effectively static over cosmic history. Time dilation emerges from matter's position within the foam, with limits that avoid singularities and respect causality. Gravitational waves propagate through the foam walls analogously to pressure waves through Earth's atmosphere (Hunga Tonga 2022). The model accounts for redshift asa cumulative path effect, for large-scale structure without dark energy, and for the "tree ring" appearance of the cosmic web. The Local Void — a 150—300 Mly underdense region adjacentto the Local Group — provides a nearby laboratory. Observational predictions include:a quantitative gradient in stellar age and metallicity across the Local Sheet (∆[Fe/H]∼0.1− 0.2 dex per 10 Mpc), gravitational wave echoes from foam walls, and small-scale CMBanisotropies matching a fractal pattern.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] ai.viXra.org:2606.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-13 21:00:28
Authors: Karen Lines
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This submision is speculative and may not be within the scope of ai.viXa.org; please cite listed scientific references)
We present the Gradient Foam Framework, a unified perspective on systems where a slowly evolving scaffold (foam) creates potential gradients along which a filler flows without pressure. This principle appears across scales: perfect numbers (abundancy index), the cosmic web (dark matter filaments), second sound in super-fluids, DNA hydrogen bonding, human population dynamics, technology evolution,and the topology of odd integers. We show that the odd positive integers form a M¨obius strip (a nonorientable, onesided space) in which the abundancy index can approach 2 arbitrarily closely but never reach it. The smallest odd abundant number, 945, marks the first crossing above 2 and serves as a numerical witnessto the topological obstruction. We introduce memention — the warm, directional bridge between memory and intention — as a dynamical vector in the foam, and we relate the impossibility of odd perfect numbers to a de Sitterlike 'conclusionary horizon': the odd perfect number can only exist in nonstandard models beyond thelimits of provability. The paper synthesises number theory, topology, physics, andinformation theory into a coherent cosmological picture: the foam holds, the number 2 is the guardian of twosidedness, and the nonexistence of odd perfect numbers is a necessary condition for a stable, flowing universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] ai.viXra.org:2606.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-12 01:43:58
Authors: Karen Lines
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a new cosmological principle for the foundations of arithmetic: the Dark Foam Universe. In this framework, the number 2 acts as the stabilising symmetry of a quantum foam of vacua. Even perfect numbers are the allowed,coherent structures that respect this symmetry, while an odd perfect number is a forbidden architecture that would break the conclusionary horizon—a logical boundary analogous to the de Sitter horizon in spacetime. We demonstrate thatevery known attack on the odd perfect number problem fails in a way precisely analogous to the impossibility of observing beyond a cosmological horizon. Using the mathematical apparatus of de Sitter space, nonstandard models of arithmetic, and the limits of provability, we argue that an odd perfect number can only inhabit a de Sitterlike 'unreal' place where knowledge is fundamentally inaccessible, andthat its nonexistence in the standard model of arithmetic is a necessary stability condition for the mathematical universe. The paper formalises this vision and shows how the number 2 guards the boundary between the real and the unreal.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] ai.viXra.org:2606.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-10 20:43:11
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)
This paper summarizes key results of Classical Physics obtained prior to the advent of Quantum Mechanics, together with hypotheses proposed by some of the physicists whose ideas contributed to Hypersphere World-Universe Cosmology (WUC) from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries. These results and ideas are then unified into a single coherent framework within the developed WUC.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] ai.viXra.org:2606.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-10 20:39:26
Authors: Ian Litchfield
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This submission may not be written in a scholarly manner as required - Please conform and cite and list scientific references)
The foundational crisis of modern physics stems from the treatment of space-time as a smooth mathematical continuum. By replacing this abstraction with a granular, emergent quantum lattice, we can eliminate the mathematical infinities of General Relativity (GR) and reconcile it with Quantum Mechanics (QM). This framework proposes that space-time possesses a physical structure with variable coupling efficiency regulated by density, providing a single, unified mechanism for several of the greatest mysteries in astrophysics
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] ai.viXra.org:2606.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-10 20:36:58
Authors: Russell S. Clark II, Brian L. Swift
Comments: 84 Pages. This paper is intended to describe a research program and causal topology framework toward an improved formulation of the cosmological constant problem.
This integrated draft is a research-program white paper that harmonizes three strands of the Causal Topology Vacuum Model (CTVM): the broad v7 dark-sector program, the shorter v8 corrective scaffold, and the Volovik/statistical-sector revision. The central claim is no longer that CTVM has been derived as a theorem of algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT). The corrected claim is more precise: CTVM is a layered, testable framework in which regulated vacuum correlations are separated into operational response sectors, encoded by response-weighted representable matroids, and conditionally related to gravitational sourcing through a separate semiclassical or holographic dictionary. Version 15.5 retains the referee-facing viability improvements and critical-path improvements: a tighter dependency schema, a modular-compatibility status note, a compact SK-versus-CPTP worked example, an explicit matroid falsifier, clearer Volovik analogy boundaries, and more visible falsifier/non-claim summaries. First, the transport—teleportation diagnostic is rewritten as operational prose rather than as a numbered pseudo-equation, while preserving the distinction between path-dependent geometric response and resource-mediated algebraic relabeling. Second, the near-degenerate horizon-edge assumption is strengthened into a spectral-shell hypothesis with an explicit expansion parameter for the approximation γ+ ≃ γ−. These are deliberately clarifying revisions; they sharpen presentation, operational falsifiability, and horizon-edge kinetics without adding new load-bearing claims. Version 15.5 further tightens the architectural-tradeoff statement and quarantines the conditional residual-sector construction: a thresholded binary reduction of the residual response block, a matroid-to-CSS code ansatz, a quantified addressability/leakage trade-off, a small three-detector CSS illustration, and an analytic longitudinal-mode asymptotic in Appendix H.12. These additions are framed as construction targets and calculable hypotheses, not as completed proofs of residual gravitational inertness. Version 15.5 also retains a modular-equivalence consistency check motivated by the companion Entropic Inertia analysis: if inertia is a Rindler modular work response, then any sector excluded from gravitational sourcing must also be absent from the inertial modular-work functional, or else the Einstein equivalence principle would be violated. This is stated as a conditional sector-matching principle, not as a proof of the equivalence principle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] ai.viXra.org:2606.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-07 19:03:00
Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 29 Pages. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20583983
Starting from the minimal complex matrix algebra M2(C), this paper shows that two biquaternion products suffice to derive the complete conservation structure of a relativistic perfect fluid and its dilatation current, without postulating a Lagrangian and without invoking Noether's theorem as an external tool.The product M = R^T G, formed from the spacetime position four-vector R and the energy-momentum four-vector G, decomposes automatically into the action density, angular momentum density, and moment-of-energy density as algebraically forced channel outputs. The closure condition dM = 0 packages all three conservation laws into a single Maurer-Cartan flatness condition on a Lie-algebra-valued current in the adjoint representation of the Lorentz group, a structure that follows from the asymmetric transformation law of the biquaternion transpose and requires no additional input.The perfect-fluid reduction projects M onto the adjoint orbit of the fluid velocity, yielding the relativistic Lagrangian fluid equations in comoving coordinates whose gamma-scaling encodes the dilatation structure of the flow. A companion product J_D = R(U^T G) constructs the dilatation current explicitly: under the perfect-fluid constraint it reduces to J_D = eR, a pure Lorentz four-vector whose conservation is the relativistic virial theorem and whose sole surviving constraint in the thin-disk limit is the Euler homogeneity relation div(r) + 1 = 0 — the differential signature of a renormalisation-group fixed point, derived here without assuming scale invariance.The construction demonstrates that the Lagrangian, the Euler-Lagrange equations, and the Noether currents are outputs of the algebraic structure of M2(C) rather than its foundation, and identifies the biquaternion transposed product as the minimal algebraic operation from which the standard framework's results follow as necessary consequences.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] ai.viXra.org:2606.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-07 00:27:21
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 21 Pages.
Weformulate a particle-physics sector in an octonionic projection framework in which the Standard Model is interpreted as the low-energy associative projection of a deeper non-associative field dynamics. The fundamental objects arethree octonion-valued fields ΨI ∈ O, I = 1,2,3, whose non-associative content is measured by the octonionic associator [Ψ1,Ψ2,Ψ3] = (Ψ1Ψ2)Ψ3− Ψ1(Ψ2Ψ3). A positive semidefinite associator potential dynamically suppresses nonassociative excitations at low energies and selects local associative subalgebras. We show how the chain O → Hphys → C motivates the emergence of complex quantum fields and Standard-Model-like residual gauge sectors related to SU(3)c, SU(2)L, and U(1)Y. We emphasize that the exact chiral hypercharge spectrum is not derived here; it requires an explicit projector representation.In this construction the associator is not merely an algebraic obstruction, but a dynamical source for projection, symmetry breaking, generation structure, mass hierarchy corrections, neutrino mixing corrections, Higgs-sector deformations, and possible fifth-force phenomenology. We briefly distinguish this proposal from division-algebraic Standard-Model reconstructions, where octonions primarily encode particle representations and charge assignments; here the new ingredient is the promotion of the associator to a field-theoreticquantity. The framework provides a constrained octonionic projection mechanism leading to Standard-Model-like particle sectors, while the complete derivation of the observed chiral charge spectrum remains an open task.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] ai.viXra.org:2606.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-04 19:54:57
Authors: Nico Kleff
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Some texts in Table 1 are cutoff!)
The Alcubierre warp metric requires negative energy density distributed around a spacecraft hull. We propose a conceptual architecture in which a spacecraft hull consists of a large-area array of nano-fabricated Casimir cavities, each within Ford-Roman quantum-inequality bounds, collectively producing an integrated negative energy density profile approximating the spatial boundary conditions of the Alcubierre metric. Segmented, addressable piezoelectric control of hull panels is proposed as a mechanism for dynamic shaping of the metric distortion, addressing the internal-controllability problem of the original warp-bubble scheme. We outline a six-layer nanofabrication stack (SiC substrate, TiN adhesion layer, Au conductor, Au-lined trench array, graphene monolayer, Al2O3 encapsulation), a scaling hypothesis linking per-tile Casimir output to hull-integrated negative energy density, and a four-phase experimental roadmap. No claim is made that the scheme will succeed; the contribution is a concrete, testable structural hypothesis connecting established Casimir physics to the open engineering problem of warp-metric generation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] ai.viXra.org:2606.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-03 19:50:46
Authors: James Francis Godwin
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper proposes a cosmological framework in which the universe as we know it — one in which time exists and flows — is paired with a companion universe in which time does not exist. Analogous to the quantum mechanical creation and annihilation of particle/antiparticle pairs, these two universes came into existence together at the Big Bang from nothing, and will eventually annihilate each other, returning to nothing. The expansion of the temporal universe continuously stretches the timeless companion, which resists this stretching and exerts a restoring force. This paper proposes that this restoring force is the origin of gravity, and that the gravitational constant G is not truly constant but increases over time as expansion proceeds. This single underlying principle is shown to offer natural explanations for gravity, dark matter, quantum entanglement, wave-particle duality, the nature of light, the origin of supermassive black holes, the anomalous brightness of early galaxies observed by JWST, and an alternative interpretation of cosmological redshift that removes the need for dark energy. The framework prioritises simplicity and testability, and makes specific predictions that differ from the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] ai.viXra.org:2606.0005 [pdf] replaced on 2026-06-03 15:32:02
Authors: Filippo Leone
Comments: 14 Pages.
The present work proposes a phenomenological framework describing dynamical processes potentially leading to the formation of localized, self-sustaining, metastable energy configurations depending on the vacuum recombination processes, hereafter referred to as Localized Energy Configurations (hereafter referred to as LEC for brevity). Depending on the surrounding dynamical conditions, such configurations may exhibit either expansive or mass-like behavior.This work does not intend to present a complete physical theory nor a rigorous mathematical treatment. Its purpose is to introduce a coherent conceptual framework that may constitute a possible starting point for subsequent theoretical developments.The mathematical formulations presented herein are exclusively phenomenological and descriptive in nature. Any advanced formalization within the framework of Quantum Field Theory or General Relativity lies beyond the scope of the present work.The concepts and the general structure of the model may be freely used as a basis for possible future theoretical investigations.The present work is ideally positioned as a dialogue between intuition and formalism, closer to an exploratory reflection than to a traditional academic treatment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] ai.viXra.org:2606.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-02 00:36:21
Authors: Carlos Mauricio Santacruz Elizondo
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
The Theory of the Empty Universe (TEU) proposes that gravity emerges from a differential deformation of space-time. In this framework, particles preserve an internal deformation state associated with their formation epoch, while the external vacuum continues to deform as the universe expands. This article develops a preliminary phenomenological model connecting ancient-photon solar-deflection residualswith an effective photon gravitational susceptibility and a time-dependent gravitational coupling. Motivated by the high-redshift quasar 0229+131 and the comparisonsource 0235+164, the observed residual is represented by a dimensionless parametes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] ai.viXra.org:2606.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-06-01 20:12:31
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 10 Pages.
We construct a unified mechanism in which Electrical Energy Extraction by Rotation of Earth via Torsion (EEERET) acts as the control parameter of a phase-transition-like dynamical system whose order parameter is the sign of large-scale rotation. The construction proceeds in five steps. First, in a rotating background of GRBMORS type (G¨odel—Rindler—Brahe—Maxwell—Obukhov—Randall—Sundrum), the relative daily angular velocity between the Earth and the cosmological frame sources a torsion-induced four-current JμI . Second, this currentfeeds the covariant Maxwell equations and drives an instability whose pseudoscalar invariant I2 = Fμν e Fμν grows secularly. Third, the pseudoscalar invariant defines an effective electromagnetic chemical potential μEM that tilts the symmetric Mexican-Hat potential governing the rotational order parameter R and renders rotation reversal directed rather than symmetric. Fourth, when μEM crosses the cusp-catastrophe threshold |μc| = (8/3 √3)λR30 thebarrier collapses, producing the rapid rotation-reversal (RRR) regime, distinct from the gradual rotation-reversal (RR) regime in which a finite barrier survives. Fifth, the construction is shown to be frame-equivalent: the sameobservable consequences obtain whether one treats the Earth as rotating in a non-rotating cosmos, or treats the universe as rotating around a non-rotating Earth, because only the relative angular velocity Ωrel = ΩE − ΩUenters the source term. We give explicit RR and RRR onset times, indicate the role of a superconducting loop as a coherent realization of the mechanism, and list observational and laboratory signatures. The framework relies on, and complements, the chiral wave-function and conformally compactified Romano—Goebel construction developed in a companion preprint.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology