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[22] ai.viXra.org:2602.0130 [pdf] replaced on 2026-04-14 07:23:22
Authors: Stephen P. Smith
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Standard Model is often celebrated as a nearly complete account of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions, lacking only gravity. Yet a closer examination of cosmic evolution suggests that the emergence of these forces presupposes global conditions not derived from the internal dynamics of quantum field theory. The symmetry-breaking transitions of the early universe required a coherent spacetime geometry, a regulated cooling trajectory, stable vacuum structure, and causal connectivity across cosmological scales. These features are ordinarily treated as background conditions within which the Standard Model operates. This paper argues that such background coherence may be interpreted as reflecting an antecedent gravitational principle—extrinsic gravity—understood not as an additional force, but as a pre-geometric, homeostatic regulator consistent with a CPT-symmetric cosmology. Section 2 revisits the standard narrative of force differentiation to show how symmetry-breaking transitions presuppose global stability conditions. Section 3 reframes this emergence through a Hegelian dialectical lens, highlighting the structural movement from undifferentiated unity to articulated multiplicity. Sectionu202f4 then shows that the Weyl tensor already contains an intrinsic two sided decomposition into self dual and anti self dual parts, and that a variational principle enforcing their indistinguishability drives the Weyl tensor to vanish, selecting conformal flatness with Minkowski space as the stabilized representative. Taken together, the argument suggests that the Standard Model functions within a broader theoretical horizon that includes antecedent spacetime coherence not contained within its formal Lagrangian. Extrinsic gravity names this deeper regulatory structure, offering a unified interpretation of cosmological symmetry breaking, geometric stabilization, and the two-sided architecture of physical law.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] ai.viXra.org:2602.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-27 16:51:40
Authors: Christian B. Mueller
Comments: 19 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: This submission may not be written in a scholarly manner as required - Please conform by using standard scholarly terms, citing listed scientific references etc.)
This work attempts to discuss central inconsistencies in modern physics from the perspective of limited rate of change, relying solely on observation and logical deduction. Starting from an reorganisation balance within the observable world, it constructs a minimal and plausible geometry of a higher-dimensional state space, thereby establishing a self-consistent model. By examining the projection into the observation space, this approach allows for a reappraisal of the symmetries of space and time, the compatibility of relativity and quantum mechanics via the fine-structure constant, and the possibility of a deterministic digital physics as a whole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] ai.viXra.org:2602.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-26 21:38:33
Authors: Bertrand Jarry
Comments: 6 Pages. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
I derive the vacuum energy density in de Sitter space from entanglement entropy of the cosmological horizon, obtaining ρ_v^em = αH^4 with α = h-bar(260π^2c^3) [etc.]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] ai.viXra.org:2602.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-26 21:12:57
Authors: Vladyslav Hruznov
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a single dynamic parameter γ(x, t) that controls the effective dimensionalityof spacetime in a scale- and density-dependent manner. In high-density regions, γ is screenedto ≈ 1, recovering standard quantum mechanics and general relativity. In extremely lowdensity environments, γ approaches ≈ 1.10, yielding deff ≈ 4.1, weakened effective gravity, and emergent dark energy. The framework is realized via a density-dependent measure v(ρel) in the action, leading to modified Friedmann equations and variable-order fractional quantum mechanics. Amicroscopic origin is proposed within the Asymptotic Safety program. The model is consistent with current precision constraints and makes clear falsifiable predictions for upcoming experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] ai.viXra.org:2602.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 14:27:29
Authors: Jason Merwin
Comments: 12 Pages. This is the third paper in a four part series.
The 5σ discrepancy between local (H0 ≈ 73 km s−1 Mpc−1) and early-universe (H0 ≈ 67 km s−1 Mpc−1) measurements of the Hubble constant constitutes one of the most significant challenges to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model. We propose that this tension is not evidence of new physics beyond ΛCDM, but a systematic artifact arising from the discrete topology of spacetime within the Relational Mathematical Realism (RMR) framework.In RMR, causal propagation is limited by a node update rate with a fundamental processing asymmetry: vacuum nodes require 4 computational ticks per update cycle while mass-coupled nodes require 5. We derive a geometric correction factor Γ = (5/4)1/3 ≈ 1.077 representing the path-dependent latency experienced byobservers calibrating distances through a 3-dimensional discrete lattice in the local,void-dominated universe. Applied to the Planck CMB determination (67.36 ± 0.54 km s−1 Mpc−1), this yields a predicted local measurement of Hlocal = 72.56 km s−1 Mpc−1, agreeingwith the SH0ES value (73.04 ± 1.04 km s−1 Mpc−1) to within 0.46σ with zero free parameters.Critically, this correction applies only to local path-integrated measurements(distance ladder), not to geometric bulk measurements (BAO, CMB), resolving thetension without modifying the cosmic expansion history. We classify all major H0measurements into "metric" (bulk geometry) and "path" (local calibration) categories, predicting that these two classes will systematically converge on differentvalues separated by a factor of (5/4)1/3. This framework makes specific falsifiable predictions for gravitational wave standard sirens and environment-dependent distance ladder calibrations. If confirmed, the Hubble tension constitutes the first empirical evidence thatspacetime is not a continuous manifold but a discrete relational graph.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] ai.viXra.org:2602.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 01:32:44
Authors: S. I. Kublanovsky
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper presents the Law of Harmony, based on the principle of universal quantum synchronization of masses. According to this law, any body — from a symmetrical pulsar to a human being or the Universe itself — acts as a source of coherent gravitational radiation, the period of which is determined by its mass and dimensions. Calculations based on the Law of Harmony indicate that the full life cycle of the Universe is 123.5 billion years. This contradicts the 2025 forecast by Henry Tye's group, which predicted a collapse in 20 billion years, and suggests that humanity has approximately 110 billion years of stable development ahead. The derived period mathematically corresponds to a graviton mass of 1.89*10^(-69) kg. Furthermore, the graviton mass obtained in this study closely aligns with the value of 1.909*10^(-69) kg derived from the holographic principle by Haranas and Gkigkitzis (2014). At the biological level, the Law of Harmony establishes the necessity of resonance between human mass and the Earth's diurnal rhythm (24 hours).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] ai.viXra.org:2602.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-23 13:45:27
Authors: Steven E. Elliott
Comments: 19 Pages.
We propose the Fractal Substrate Equivalence Physics (FSEP), a geometric framework in which spacetime is modeled as an infinite recursive degenerate Apollonian sphere packing of dense and sparse regions. We argue that in spacetimes evolving toward $t to infty$, the global domain of validity of the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) contracts to measure zero, forcing a breakdown of smooth-manifold descriptions at the dense--sparse interface. The maximal geometric covering of this interface is an Apollonian sphere packing, which we take as fundamental rather than emergent.At each tangency boundary, physical evolution is governed by spherical inversion, a M"obius transformation, a discrete scale flip $r mapsto r/lambda$ (with $lambda gg 1$), and strict angular-momentum conservation. These rules generate universal bipolar jets, cross-scale transport, and nonlocal correlations from a single geometric mechanism. The framework reproduces previously reported statistical results (Balmer-line clustering and SPARC rotation-curve fits) as coarse-grained projections of boundary-crossing dynamics.FSEP yields several falsifiable predictions: (i) correlated AGN variability across cosmic voids with lags scaling linearly with void diameter ($tau propto D_{m void}$); (ii) systematic dark-matter-fraction depletion in merging galaxy pairs relative to isolated systems; (iii) jet opening angles directly measuring the local scale ratio $lambda_{m local}$; and (iv) potential spectral-distortion signatures in the cosmic microwave background tied to hydrogen recombination harmonics rather than $mu$/$y$-type thermal relic distortions.This paper stands in relation to its predecessor (viXra:2601.0119) as a foundational extension: where that work derived fractal statistical structure as an emergent consequence of known physics, the present work takes the fractal as the primary geometric substrate from which known physics emerges.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] ai.viXra.org:2602.0103 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-28 23:42:37
Authors: Steven B. Thompson
Comments: 8 Pages.
We propose a minimal dynamical framework for the origin of the universe in which absolute non-existence—a state with no spacetime, matter, fields, or classical time—is intrinsically unstable under quantum-mechanical and gravitational principles. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle, applied to gravitational degrees of freedom, precludes a static null configuration: non-existence has "nowhere to go" but to collapse into itself, producing an effective Planck-scale density regime that undergoes a nonsingular quantum-gravitational transition. This collapse-driven process bootstraps the emergence of classical spacetime and the arrow of time, requiring no external causes, pre-existing substrates, boundary conditions, or auxiliary fields.Quantum gravity emerges here not as an imposed extension but as the inherent dynamicalstructure governing the instability and resolution. The mechanism refines and complements established proposals—such as Vilenkin’s quantum tunneling from nothing, the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary wavefunction, and recent developments in loop quantum cosmology bounces and quadratic gravity—by providing a purely mechanical interpretation that replaces probabilistic nucleation or Euclidean continuation with an intrinsic collapse bootstrap. It aligns with ongoingrefinements of no-boundary states, curvature bounces, and geometric "from nothing" models inthe 2025—2026 literature.This framework offers a parsimonious dynamical resolution to the question of why thereis something rather than nothing, transforming it into a consequence of quantum gravity’sstructure. Potential observational implications include consistency with cosmic microwave back-ground data and distinguishable signatures in primordial gravitational waves or large-scale structure that may differentiate collapse-initiated emergence from conventional inflationary scenarios.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] ai.viXra.org:2602.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-18 02:34:37
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil, Dnyandeo Dattatray Patil
Comments: 31 Pages.
This work develops a unified and conservative framework for reconciling Planckscale physics with Special Relativity by shifting the foundational emphasis from symmetry modification to observer admissibility. We demonstrate that invariant Planck scales can coexist with exact local Lorentz invariance when Planck lengthand Planck time are interpreted as operational lower bounds on spatial and temporal resolution, rather than as ontological spacetime discreteness. Special Relativity is reformulated operationally on curved spacetime through a generalized relativistic factor γg, allowing a precise treatment of relativistic kinematics in black-hole, cosmological, and rotating spacetimes without modifying Lorentz transformations or dispersion relations.We show that event horizons, cosmological expansion, and global rotation generatekinematic phase boundaries that restrict the physical realizability of observers while leaving local inertial physics intact. Planck-scale structure near black-hole horizons is incorporated through geometric regularization rather than symmetry breaking, and black-hole thermodynamics is recovered entirely from local Special Relativity combined with spacetime geometry. The framework further incorporatesinvariant global bounds on mass, time, and length, leading to a classification theorem for physically admissible observers across all scales. Information-theoretic limits on entropy, computation, and information recovery are derived as kinematic consequences of admissibility rather than as fundamentalpostulates. Apparent paradoxes in black-hole complementarity, trans-Planckian physics, and infinite boosts are shown to arise from implicitly assuming inadmissible observers. The resulting picture preserves the empirical successes of Special and General Relativity while providing a unified, observer-centered principle that regulates both ultraviolet and infrared extremes without invoking Lorentz violation, deformed symmetries, or holographic reduction of degrees of freedom.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] ai.viXra.org:2602.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2026-03-24 04:07:20
Authors: Kobie Janse van Rensburg
Comments: 27 Pages.
The Topological Inversion Model (TIM) derives the structure of the Standard Model from a single axiom: the self-negation of Absolute Nothing (//Gaunab), which generates a Z_2 involution. Combined with compactness, orientability, and minimality, this uniquely determines the spatial manifold as RP^3 = S^3/Z_2 (Theorem 1), deriving three spatial dimensions rather than assuming them.Version 7 supersedes previous versions with major extensions: (i) the complete logical chain from self-negation to the Standard Model gauge group in seven steps, with each step labelled as axiom, theorem, or derived;(ii) an RP^3 uniqueness theorem proving that the spatial manifold is the only compact orientable quotient consistent with the foundational Z_2; (iii) classification of flat gauge bundles for G_SM = SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) on RP^3, yielding 4 physical Hosotani sectors with vector-like colour automatic in all sectors;(iv) Casimir energy computation showing that the topological vacuum prefers unbroken electroweak symmetry with sin^2(theta_W) = 1/4 as the bare ratio, while EWSB is driven by the Higgs potential at T_c ~ 150-320 GeV;(v) resolution of M* = 3689 +/- 200 GeV as a derived matching scale (topology plus SM running), not requiring a separate dynamical mechanism; (vi) closure of the alpha programme through six independent routes, establishing that topology determines ratios while absolute couplings require dynamical input; (vii) identification of the width parameter W on B_3 as the generation quantum number, explaining N_gen = N_colour = 3 as a topological identity; and (viii) geometric emergence of Z_3 colour structure from degree-3 Hopf preimages on S^3.The framework reduces the Standard Model's 19 free parameters to 18 (via the topological mass relation M_u = M_d + 3M_e) and produces 5 quantitative predictions: M* ~ 3.7 TeV, T_c ~ 150-320 GeV, R^{-1} ~ 150 GeV, sin^2(theta_W) = 1/4 (topological), and Casimir vacuum selection of the unbroken electroweak sector. Three irreducible free parameters remain: alpha_em, the Higgs VEV v, and the Higgs mass m_H.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] ai.viXra.org:2602.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-14 07:02:02
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 16 Pages.
Einstein’s special relativity postulates the constancy of light speed c as an axiom but providesno explanation for its origin. We reformulate the universe as a discrete computational networkoperating at the Planck scale, wherein c emerges not as a fundamental constant but as the band-width limit of information processing. We demonstrate that the initial state of the universe—aninfinite-dimensional regular simplex—possesses spectral properties (Laplacian eigenvalue λ2 = N )that naturally enforce cosmic uniformity and clock synchronization without invoking inflationaryexpansion. Dimensional reduction from infinite to three dimensions generates an unavoidable infor-mational collision, which we term informational Pauli repulsion, providing the physical driver forboth the Big Bang and accelerated expansion. The deficit angle δ ≈ 7.36◦ inherent in the 600-celltessellation, combined with Gauss’s Theorema Egregium, guarantees spatial closure without externalembedding dimensions, thereby establishing a decisive advantage over string-theoretic frameworksrequiring 10 or 11 dimensions. We derive the Light-Speed Resource Allocation Principle (LRAP),c2 = v2 + τ 2, reinterpreting the Lorentz factor as a processing lag ratio rather than a coordinatetransformation coefficient. Black hole singularities are redefined as computational arrest regionswhere 3D rendering fails, leaving 4D data in a frozen state—a paradigm shift that naturally sub-sumes string theory and the holographic principle as effective descriptions within these arrestedzones. Finally, we prove that local resource allocation alone cannot resolve the global accumula-tion of geometric frustration, necessitating the hierarchical jamming transitions detailed in Part III.This work bridges the static geometry of Part I (derivation of G and Λ) with the thermodynamichierarchy of Part III (122-digit vacuum energy suppression), completing the dynamical core of theRegular Simplex Hierarchical Gravity (RSHG) framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] ai.viXra.org:2602.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-14 07:07:46
Authors: Ryuhei Sato
Comments: 12 Pages.
This paper presents a complete resolution of the cosmological constant problem within the Regular Simplex Hierarchical Gravity (RSHG) framework. The non-tessellating property of regulartetrahedra in 3D Euclidean space—characterized by a geometric residual (deficit angle δ ≈ 7.36)—induces recursive jamming transitions across six hierarchical scales spanning from 10−15 m to 1021 m(Fig. 1: six-stage cascade structure). Each hierarchy generates approximately 20 orders of magnitude of energy suppression. The cumulative suppression factor ϵtotal ≈ 10−122.2agrees with theobserved cosmological constant Λobs within 0.2 orders of magnitude. Critically, this result containsno adjustable parameters; even the number of hierarchies N = 6 emerges as an arithmetic consequence of the target suppression (122 digits) divided by the single-stage suppression (∼ 19.2 digits).Furthermore, operation near the jamming criticality (ϕ ≈ 0.62, Fig. 2: metastable operating point)enables the conversion of computational heat into structural entropy (computational encapsulation),thereby preventing thermal collapse. Three experimentally verifiable predictions are presented: H4symmetry in the CMB angular power spectrum (ℓ = 120n), an entropy ratio Sstruct/Sthermal ≈ 0.2in Bose-Einstein condensates, and tetrahedral coordinate preference in protein structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] ai.viXra.org:2602.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-13 05:45:31
Authors: Heath W. Mahaffey
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Informational Actualization Model (IAM) proposes that late-time cosmic expansion couplesdifferently to photons versus matter, resolving the Hubble tension through sector-specific expansionrates. This dual-sector framework makes a critical, testable prediction: Type Ia supernovae (SNe),as matter-based distance indicators hosted in galaxies, should probe the matter sector. We testthis hypothesis using the complete Pantheon+ dataset (1588 SNe, 0.01 < z < 2.26) through threeindependent analyses: (1) SNe with Planck (photon-sector) H0 prior, (2) SNe with SH0ES (matter-sector) H0 prior, and (3) SNe with no H0 constraint. Results unambiguously demonstrate that SNereject the photon-sector expansion rate (H0 = 67.4 km s−1 Mpc−1, β → −0.30 at parameter bound-ary) and accept the matter-sector normalization (H0 = 73.04 km s−1 Mpc−1, β ≈ 0). Critically,SNe distances maintain ΛCDM geometric consistency (βdistance ≈ 0), validating IAM’s predictionthat sector-specific coupling primarily affects structure growth (f σ8) rather than photon propa-gation geometry. This empirical validation establishes that dual-sector expansion is data-driven,not theoretically assumed, and demonstrates that Planck (H0 = 67.4, photon sector) and SH0ES(H0 = 73.04, matter sector) both measure correctly—they probe different physical quantities. Thedual-sector phenomenology maps directly onto the standard modified gravity parametrization: mat-ter perturbations obey μ(a) = H2ΛCDM(a) / [H2ΛCDM(a) + βmE(a)] < 1 (suppressed growth), whilephoton deflection remains unmodified (Σ = 1), preserving CMB consistency. This μ < 1, Σ = 1framework is independently testable with existing Boltzmann solvers (CAMB/CLASS) and upcom-ing survey parametrizations (DES, Euclid, CMB-S4)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] ai.viXra.org:2602.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 17:48:50
Authors: Scott Long
Comments: 6 Pages. (Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18601428)
The standard ΛCDM cosmological model is currently challenged by a 5σ discrepancy in Hubble Constant (H0) measurements and a vacuum energy density error of 122 orders of magnitude. We present a numerical validation of the Quantized Vacuum Attenuation model, comparing its predictions against the standard ΛCDM cosmology across three key observables: Luminosity Distance (DL), Lookback Time (tL), and Angular Diameter Distance (dA). Utilizing a vacuum attenuation coefficient of α≈8.26×10−27 m−1, derived from the local Hubble flow, our simulations resolve three primary tensions: Dark Energy: The model demonstrates that the high-redshift luminosity modulus follows a logarithmic attenuation profile, eliminating the need for Dark Energy to explain Type Ia Supernovae dimming. Early Galaxy Paradox: The model removes the Big Bang singularity, reinterpreting high-redshift galaxies (e.g., JADES-GS-z13) as objects seen through ≈35 Gyr of static vacuum transmission, allowing for infinite formation time. Little Red Dots: The angular diameter distance in a discrete manifold correctly predicts the observation of compact high-redshift morphologies that contradict angular magnification predicted by expanding metric models. We conclude that the observed universe is consistent with a static, infinite, and dissipative manifold governed by information-theoretic limits.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] ai.viXra.org:2602.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 17:59:17
Authors: L. A. Serebrennikov
Comments: 4 Pages.
In the standard model, gravity is described either as a fundamental interaction (Newton’s law of universal gravitation) or as a geometric property of spacetime (Einstein’s general theory of relativity). The hypothesis proposed here considers observable gravitational attraction as a consequence of uneven cosmological expansion.Massive objects, possessing higher energy density, cause more intense local expansion of space, leading to effective repulsion of less massive bodies toward zones of increased expansion. The paper outlines the main postulates of the model, its potential implications for the dark matter problem, and proposes specific paths for experimental falsification.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] ai.viXra.org:2602.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-10 20:42:00
Authors: Rüdiger Giesel
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
We present a non—associative algebraic model of black holes based on the octonionicdivision algebra. Geometry is not postulated as fundamental. Instead, gravity emergesdynamically from the non—associativity of the underlying algebra. Black holes arise as algebraic states rather than geometric singularities. The Schwarzschild radius is derived exactlywithout assuming Einstein’s field equations. The resulting spacetime is singularity—free,geodesically complete, and information preserving
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] ai.viXra.org:2602.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-10 21:10:05
Authors: Leon Barbour
Comments: 19 Pages. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: For the last time, please cite and list scientific references)
This paper presents a compact "tooling derivation" for the first closed operational loop in Causal Mechanical Cosmology (CMC): (A) spherical void control geometry producing adominant dipole anisotropy for an off-centre observer, (B) an elongated/sheared voidgeometry producing quadrupole anisotropy via a local Hessian decomposition, and (C) anobservable closure mapping the structural line-of-sight (LOS) velocity signature to atomicfractional frequency shift Δf/f as the measurement endpoint. Canonical equations (E1—E8) are preserved and used as the spine for derivations and diagnostics. The local Hessian kernel yields the leading even-parity multipole structure (monopole/quadrupole); dipole structure in the spherical off-centre control case is treated as arising from the global sampling asymmetry and, in a strict local expansion, enters through higher-order terms beyond the first Hessian approximation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] ai.viXra.org:2602.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-06 02:25:39
Authors: Geza Kovacs
Comments: 2 Pages.
We propose a relational extension of General Relativity in which spacetime curvature is sourced nonlocally by retarded entropy gradients. Inertia emerges as macroscopic resistance to cosmic irreversibility. No new fundamental fields or free parameters are introduced; the sole scale is the cosmological horizon ($ell_n approx c/H_0$). Post-recombination entropy production yields a derived amplification factor $phi_0 approx 10^{10} pm 20%$, providing a thermodynamic explanation for galactic rotation curves (projected $chi^2/text{dof} approx 1.1$ from Gaia DR3 analogs and mocks for DR4) via retarded entropy gradients that induce effective inertial screening at low accelerations, and the $H_0$ tension via a dynamical, structure-dependent effective cosmological constant that boosts late-time expansion relative to early-universe CMB-calibrated values. The mechanism is naturally suppressed in the early universe ($sim 10^{-30}$ at BBN) consistent with the Weyl Curvature Hypothesis. We introduce a "Curvature Memory" effect to explain cluster lensing offsets and predict frequency-dependent GW phase skews ($sim 0.4$ ms) testable by LISA.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] ai.viXra.org:2602.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-05 03:11:28
Authors: Priyanshu Rauth
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper explores the idea that spacetime may possess a minimal time interval that depends on gravitational redshift and curvature. Motivations from general relativity, quantum mechanics and approaches to quantum gravity suggest that both space and time may exhibit effective discreteness near the Planck scale. We review theoretical arguments for minimal intervals, including the generalized uncertainty principle and deformations of the Heisenberg algebra, and summarise recent experimental work with atomic clocks and proposals such as the Bose--Marletto--Vedral experiment. A phenomenological ansatz for a position--dependent minimal time increment is presented and we discuss how to improve its physical foundations. The aim is not to propose a theory of everything but to offer a conservative, focused framework that could guide future experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] ai.viXra.org:2602.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-03 20:03:32
Authors: Christian B. Mueller
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper presents a novel framework for fundamental physics that replaces the geometriccurvature of spacetime with a resource-based conservation law. By treating reality as a discrete computational process, we derive the relationship between mass, energy, and the local rate of time. The model progresses from a 3D-accounting perspective (LQRR) to a 4D-Euclidean resonance framework (TEQR), providing a unified explanation for gravity, time dilation, and projection-based phenomena often attributed to Dark Matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] ai.viXra.org:2602.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-03 19:44:56
Authors: Cameron Brogan-Higgins
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This conjecture proposes that spacetime can be understood as a distributed frequency field and that the cosmological singularity represents its reciprocal or inverse state. In this framework, the universe is not the aftermath of an energetic explosion but the expansion of a frequency inversion: the Fourier-dual expression of a compressed, information-complete origin. Curvature, expansion, and entropy are treated as emergent properties of a wave-domain oscillation in which spacetime and its singular inverse form conjugate aspects of a single cyclical process.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] ai.viXra.org:2602.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-01 01:02:37
Authors: Joseph Wimsatt
Comments: 4 Pages. This paper identifies a potential systematic error in levitated optomechanics experiments attempting to measure quantum gravity effects. We show that electromagnetic field energy in optical traps gravitates through the stress-energy tensor
Recent advances in levitated optomechanics have enabled experiments probing gravitational interactions at unprecedented scales, with the goal of detecting quantum signatures of gravity. These experiments use high-intensity optical traps to levitate nanoparticles and measure gravitational forces between them. We demonstrate that the electromagnetic field energy density in these optical traps constitutes a gravitational source through the stress-energy tensor, yet this contribution is not accounted for in current experimental analyses. Using the linearized Einstein field equations, we calculate the gravitational potential and field arising from concentrated laser fields at experimentally relevant power densities (approximately 10^15 W/m^2). We find that the EM field gravitational contribution can be comparable to or exceed the gravitational effects being measured between particle masses, potentially constituting a systematic error of 1% to 100% in current experiments. We propose five calibration protocols to detect and characterize this effect, including power-scaling tests and field geometry variations that can discriminate EM field gravity from particle-particle gravitational interactions. If unaccounted for, this effect could compromise the interpretation of experiments seeking quantum signatures of gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology