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[55] ai.viXra.org:2505.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-31 21:12:42
Authors: Ivan Berdichevsky
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
We present a novel solution to Einstein’s field equations that fuses the rotating structure of the Gödel universe with the expansion dynamics of the FLRW cosmology. This physically structured and testable metric yields a stress-energy tensor with components exhibiting dark energy-like behavior through negative pressure sourced purely by rotation-expansion coupling. The model bridges metaphysical and observable domains while remaining grounded in general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[54] ai.viXra.org:2505.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 21:51:49
Authors: Ernest C. Gatlin III
Comments: 10 Pages.
We propose a novel 4+1-dimensional quantum gravity framework incorporating a compactifiedextra dimension, τ , with a periodicity of π (to 22 decimal places), symbolically tied to the rational approximation 22/7. Integrated into loop quantum gravity (LQG), the τ -dimension’s compactification radius R ≈ 5.6 × 10−11 m is derived to match the observed dark energy density (ρΛ ≈ 2.3 × 10−3 eV/cm3). A scalar field φ(τ ) with an exponential potentialdynamically generates this density, reducing fine-tuning compared to static vacuum energy models. Numerical solutions using the Runge-Kutta method confirm a slow-roll behavior,yielding an equation of state w ≈ −0.999, consistent with cosmological observations(type Ia supernovae, CMB, BAO). We discuss implications for quantum gravity, particlephysics, and future observational tests with DESI and Euclid, offering a new perspective onthe cosmological constant problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[53] ai.viXra.org:2505.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 21:50:07
Authors: Seon Yong Park
Comments: 42 Pages. Computational code [inluced & distrubuted under] CC BY 4.0
Modern physics is confronted with fundamental unresolved problems such as dark matter, dark energy, the unification of the four fundamental forces, and quantum gravity. This paper proposes "Structural Information Cosmology (SIC)" as a novel approach to address these issues. The core assumption of SIC is the introduction of a dynamical **structural information field, $mathcal{C}(vec{x}, t)$**, which represents the "structural complexity of information," as a fundamental constituent of the universe alongside matter and energy. In this paper, we present a generalized Lagrangian incorporating the $mathcal{C}$ field and derive the modified Einstein field equations and the equation of motion for the $mathcal{C}$ field therefrom. One of the key predictions is that the effective gravitational coupling constant, $G_{text{eff}}$, can be modulated by the local value of the $mathcal{C}$ field. Through a concrete calculation example, we demonstrate that under specific parameter assumptions, $G_{text{eff}}$ can be enhanced by up to 2-4 times the standard value in regions where the $mathcal{C}$ field is dense, showing the potential to explain a significant portion (approximately 40-60% in the example model of this paper) of dark matter effects. Furthermore, we discuss new perspectives and expansion possibilities that the SIC framework can offer for various problems, including the unification of the four fundamental forces, an information structural interpretation of black holes, cosmological dynamics (inflation, dark energy), and a fundamental link with quantum information theory. This paper presents the foundational theoretical framework of SIC and proposes specific research directions for future theoretical development and experimental/observational verification, aiming to provide new insights into fundamental questions in physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[52] ai.viXra.org:2505.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:30:13
Authors: Isaac Joe
Comments: 2 Pages. [Distributed] under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Pseudonym is not permited)
This paper proposes a speculative quantum model where the wavefunction of a particle within a black hole does not collapse to a singularity. Instead, we postulate an inverse relation between wavelength and radial distance: λ = 2ℓu209a² / R. This leads to quantum fluctuations that intensify as the particle approaches the center, preventing full convergence and resulting in a stable shell-like structure. This model suggests that the interior of black holes may consist of standing wave patterns rather than a point of infinite density. The idea is supported by intuitive derivation and implications for quantum gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[51] ai.viXra.org:2505.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:15:27
Authors: William H.J. Field
Comments: 26 Pages.
This paper presents a 7D spacetime model that unifies particle physics and cos- mology within a geometric framework, offering a simpler alternative to string theory’s 10 dimensions by encoding particle properties—lepton and quark generational energies (e), stability (u), and confinement (v)—in just three extra dimensions (e, u, v). The dimensions x, y, z, t, e, u, v govern particle properties, while also embedding fundamental phenomena like the arrow of time and the speed of light directly in the spacetime structure through a dynamic e-t coupling, eliminating the need for external constants. The model predicts a 5% decay asymmetry in muon neutrinos (pT skew), a quark- gluon plasma transition at 180 MeV, and 0.01% shifts in gravitational wave signatures, all verifiable through experimental observations consistent with 7D geometry. Dark matter arises from transient vacuum fluctuations in the u, v, and e dimensions, pro- ducing particles such as u-v (∼ 0.42 GeV), e-t (∼ 0.0035 GeV), e-u-v (∼ 0.085 GeV), and e-u (∼ 0.070 GeV), clustering in halos with ρm ≈ 2.3 × 10−27 kg/m3. Dark energy emerges from a diffuse ex soliton at ∼ 1.32 × 10−5 GeV, driving cosmic expansion at ρDE ≈ 7 × 10−27 kg/m3, both sourced by vacuum fluctuations in the 7D framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[50] ai.viXra.org:2505.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 01:39:50
Authors: Arie Hoeymans
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The article title and abstract on the submission form DO Not match those in the article; please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a theoretical model of gravitation developed by Dipl. Ing. Arie Hoeymans, a physicist who dedicated decades to the study of physically real fields as fundamental components of nature. His approach challenges conventional concepts of gravity by proposing that gravitational interactions can be explained through real, field-based structures, without invoking curved space-time.The document outlines the core principles of this field theory and introduces a practical experimental setup intended to verify or falsify key aspects of the model. The theory and experiment were compiled and prepared for publication by his son, Kai Hoeijmans, in an effort to preserve and share the late scientist’s legacy and ideas. This posthumous publication is intended as an invitation for discussion, evaluation, and further testing by the scientific community.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[49] ai.viXra.org:2505.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-30 00:53:13
Authors: William Paul Fitch Jr.
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper presents theoretical foundations. Implementation details, optimization parameters, and performance metrics are proprietary and protected under separate filings.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[48] ai.viXra.org:2505.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-28 01:21:07
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper presents a redefinition of gravity, redshift, and cosmological time within a discrete, rotating lattice model composed of Holospheres—spherical shells of coherently spinning Planck-scale units. In this framework, gravitational effects arise from the slow migration of coherence defects (9; 10) along angular strain gradients, and redshift is explained as cumulative phase slippage through recursive coherence layers. This einterpretation eliminates the need for spacetime expansion, dark energy, and inflation while providing a coherent explanation for the observed weakness of gravity and the apparent overestimation of galactic ages. By modeling space, time, and energy as emergent consequences of angular phase coherence, the Holosphere lattice model offers a falsifiable and physically grounded alternative to conventional cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[47] ai.viXra.org:2505.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-26 02:16:21
Authors: Eishi Sakihara
Comments: 51 Pages.
This study introduces the "Source Energy Field Theory," a novel theoretical framework that offers a unified interpretation of cosmic structure formation, fundamental forces, and quantum phenomena through nonlinear wave equations governing universal energy modulations. Numerical simulations across various dimensions confirm stable solutions consistent with observational data (e.g., Virgo cluster galaxies from SDSS). The theory demonstrates comprehensive consistency with major physical theories, including relativity, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and superstring theory. Given its innovative approach and solid empirical validation, this paper represents a significant step forward in theoretical cosmology and fundamental physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[46] ai.viXra.org:2505.0179 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-06 02:31:04
Authors: Michael Lee
Comments: 48 Pages.
Although the mathematical framework for Special Relativity has proven phenomenally successful for over a century, it is predicated on an assumption that time and space are the independent properties of physics - an assumption fundamental to its mathematical foundation. Yet, what if these assumptions were not fundamental at all? What if energy, specifically the energy associated with relative motion, was the fundamental property?This paper examines the implications of such a fundamental shift. By defining relative energy as the fundamental property, not space and time, we find that a single unified spacetime emerges, covariant with, and responsive to, changes in energy. A spacetime that is not an independent set of coordinates between which we must transform, but a single adaptive spacetime responsive to relative energy. We will show how, when we define energy as intrinsic and independent, momentum, space and time adapt algebraically to relative motion with covariance embedded in their relationships with energy. We demonstrate how this covariance is assured inevery inertial frame, not by coordinate transformations but by simple algebraic scaling of time and spatial elements. Further, when momentum, time and space are defined in terms of covariant relationships, time and length are understood as intervals that scale in an adaptable space time, not as coordinates in a fixed spacetime. Where proper time and proper length emerge naturally as rest frame representations of these relationships. This then allows us to define relativity as energy-responsive scaling, not differential transformations across coordinate spaces. Not only does this greatly simplify special relativity, it lays the foundation for a purely energy-emergent theory unifying the current theoretical landscape.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[45] ai.viXra.org:2505.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-25 01:11:52
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 26 Pages.
The Holosphere model proposes a cosmological framework in which the universe is built from a rotating, fractally nested lattice of spherical coherence layers. In contrast to CDM’s continuous spacetime and scale factor evolution, this model introduces a discrete chronology defined by radial coherence indices b = r/R, where each shell’s angular alignment governs physical processes and emergent time. This paper develops a lookback-time framework based on redshift arising from both relativistic angular divergence and cumulative phase drag across coherence layers. Epochal transitions—such as recombination, reionization, and structure formation—are reinterpreted as discrete phase transitions in rotational strain, not thermodynamic thresholds. Wederive a parameter-free redshift—time equation, show its alignment with observed galaxy data, and explain how gravitational effects, lensing, and structure formation emerge from defect clustering and angular strain gradients. This framework predicts observable differences from CDM in red shift anisotropies, lensing irregularities, and galaxy rotation without dark matter. It offers a testable, unified ontology in which time, gravity, and quantum behavior emerge from recursive angular coherence within a finite, non-expanding lattice.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[44] ai.viXra.org:2505.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-25 01:09:18
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 21 Pages.
The Holosphere model proposes that galaxy rotation curves arise from coherence strain and defect phase-locking within a discrete rotating lattice of spacetime structure. In this framework, orbital velocity is not governed by dark matter halos but by angular tension gradients and phase continuity across radial coherence bands. We develop a hybrid velocity profile combining an inner strain-driven rise and an outer coherence tail, which accurately reproduces flat rotation curves without invoking hidden mass. A formal derivation of this profile is presented using a strain-based energy functional, linking orbital support to rotational tension gradients. This paper compares the Holosphere prediction to CDM and observed data, and outlines distinguishing observational consequences such as environment-dependent curve flattening, asymmetries, and the absence of halo-induced dynamics. The model offers a parameter-minimal, testable alternative to dark matter—based galaxy dynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[43] ai.viXra.org:2505.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-24 04:12:37
Authors: Eishi Sakihara
Comments: 26 Pages.
This study precisely reconstructs the relationship between cosmological redshift and distance based on the newly proposed Source Energy Field Theory. Unlike the standard ΛCDM model—which relies on the assumption of accelerated cosmic expansion—our theory introduces a novel distance prediction model incorporating nonlinear electromagnetic wave attenuation, cosmic curvature, and observational directional dependence (right ascension and declination). Using high-precision observational datasets (Pantheon+ and SH0ES), we evaluated our model's performance over a broad range of distances (6.3 to 17,241 Mpc). Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements over ΛCDM (our model: RMSE = 145.52 Mpc, R² = 0.991, KS p-value = 0.989; ΛCDM: RMSE = 189.79 Mpc, R² = 0.985, KS p-value = 0.706). Our findings challenge conventional cosmological assumptions, suggesting a reconsideration of dark energy, cosmic expansion, and spatial isotropy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[42] ai.viXra.org:2505.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-24 04:34:44
Authors: Mike Dunn
Comments: 9 Pages. Distributed under CC BY 4.0 (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
Temporal Flow Theory (TFT) proposes a novel framework in which the speed of light is not merely a velocity through space, but the rate at which time itself propagates across the universe. In this interpretation, light is not a traveler through time—it is the visible manifestation of time's own wavefront. Each point in space emits and receives its own temporal signature, and these "time frames" interact, forming a resonant field of temporal structure. This approach offers new insights into gravitational lensing, time dilation, and the formation of black holes, which are reinterpreted as regions of temporal saturation rather than purely spatial collapse. TFT also suggests that gravity may arise from a tendency of masses to synchronize their temporal frames. Conceptual predictions are proposed for testing via differences in light bending around single versus binary stars, and through refractive effects caused by temporal mismatch in dense media. The theory aims to complement and extend general relativity by treating time as an active field, with implications for cosmology, gravitation, and the potential unification with quantum coherence phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[41] ai.viXra.org:2505.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 20:45:22
Authors: Larry A. Lund
Comments: 5 Pages.
This hypothesis proposes that galaxies form sporadically through spacetime vortex phenomena at the cosmological event horizon. When two vortices collide, they generate intense oscillating gravitational gradients that excite the quantum vacuum, producing high-density photon bursts. These photons undergo pair-production (( E = mc^2 )), creating stable matter that seeds galaxy formation when conditions are optimal. Vortex collision symmetry determines galaxy morphology: off-center interactions yield spiral galaxies with angular momentum, while symmetric interactions form elliptical or spherical structures. Due to the boundary’s distance, this process appears static or merger-based locally, occurring beyond observable horizons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[40] ai.viXra.org:2505.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 11:39:02
Authors: Mark Patter
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a novel physical analogy in which spacetime behaves as a viscoelastic medium with memory-like properties, akin to memory foam. In this model, mass-energy deforms the spacetime medium, and when that stress is removed or redistributed, the medium gradually relaxes toward an equilibrium state. This built-in relaxation pressure may account for: (1) the inflationary expansion of the early universe, (2) the late-time acceleration of cosmicexpansion without invoking dark energy, and (3) the flat rotation curves of galaxies without dark matter. We suggest that a modified Einstein field equation incorporating a spacetime relaxation term can provide a unified explanation of these phenomena. Preliminaryimplications and potential observational tests are discussed. This approach may offer a material-based physical intuition for large-scale gravitational dynamics, inviting a re- evaluation of spacetime as an active, evolving medium rather than a static geometricbackdrop.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[39] ai.viXra.org:2505.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-22 03:12:10
Authors: John Judkins
Comments: 23 Pages.
This monograph proposes a novel framework for understanding cosmological time and entropy through a non-orientable, M"obius-like manifold structure. Time is treated as a projected vector field that evolves via entropic gradients, with implications for cosmogenesis, quantum field structure, and metric inversion across cosmological transitions
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[38] ai.viXra.org:2505.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-22 21:11:32
Authors: Patrick Reilly
Comments: 33 Pages.
Presenting the Dynamic Vacuum Model (DVM), a unified framework in which the quantum vacuum is promoted to a dynamical field whose energy exchanges via microscopic processes generate gravitation, particle masses, and gauge interactions. Starting from a covariant action coupling a vacuum scalar (and extraction parameter) to the metric, we derive the one— and two—loop effective potential via Coleman—Weinberg and sunset diagrams. A functional renormalization—group (Wetterich) analysis then demonstrates an ultraviolet fixed point, establishing asymptotic safety and renormalizability. Varying the full action yields modified Einstein equations in which vacuum "drainage" and "inflow" reproduce Newtonian and weak—field gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[37] ai.viXra.org:2505.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 22:00:15
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 17 Pages.
We propose a cosmological framework in which redshift, lensing, and time dilation emerge from photon propagation through a discrete, rotating lattice composed of spinning Holospheres. Departing from CDM’s reliance on metric expansion and dark energy, this model attributes red shift to a hybrid mechanism: a transverse Doppler-like shift from rotational motion at emission, and exponential phase drag resulting from cumulative angular strain across the lattice." Each photon is emitted from a medium moving at a fraction of the speed of light, character ized by its lookback time relative to the total lattice age. As the photon travels toward the outer boundary—into the Holosphere moving at c—its frequency is modified by the velocity mismatch and rotational tension gradient. The resulting redshift equation provides a physical alternative to metric expansion and naturally reproduces observed acceleration without a cosmological constant. We compare this model against standard cosmological observables, including luminosity distance, angular size, and time dilation, and identify falsifiable predictions that diverge from ΛCDM at high redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[36] ai.viXra.org:2505.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-03 03:09:14
Authors: Mark Rehl
Comments: 34 Pages.
The Layered Causality Hypothesis proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not distinct substances, but observational effects resulting from relativistic separation across continuous causal frames. When matter crosses a critical threshold—what we call the Causal Horizon—it becomes causally disconnected from a given frame for all forces except gravity. This horizon represents the upper boundary of what we later define as the Jones Window, a transitional zone of causal degradation. The lower edge of this zone will be called the Jones Threshold. This disconnection produces the illusion of invisible mass and accelerated expansion. Redshift, clock rate variation, and the perceived age of the universe are reframed as consequences of frame divergence rather than physical recession. The model introduces no new forces or particles, but instead reinterprets existing observations through the structure of relativistic causality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[35] ai.viXra.org:2505.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 21:47:34
Authors: Cong Wang
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a unified cosmological framework grounded in the dynamics of spatial tension, offering an alternative to particle-centric and dark-matter-dependent models. It introduces a fundamental identity — space = matter + wave — wherein matter is defined as a localized expression of spatial compression, and light as the propagating wavefront of tension transformation. Matter and antimatter are reinterpreted not as annihilative opposites but as inverse tension states; their transitions are structural reversals mediated by light, not particle destruction. Black holes and main-sequence stars are shown to be cyclic extremes of this process, functioning as sinks and sources of spatial tension, respectively.The model further extends to atomic behavior, nuclear reactions, and macroscopic thermodynamic effects such as thermal expansion, unifying them through tension state variation. This theory asserts that all energy phenomena — from stellar radiation to quantum transitions — are expressions of a single, continuous, and self-modulating field of spatial tension. The result is a non-anthropocentric, annihilation-free cosmological vision that closes long-standing theoretical gaps without invoking unverifiable constructs such as dark matter or vacuum fluctuations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[34] ai.viXra.org:2505.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-20 21:01:31
Authors: Gui Furne-Gouveia
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a novel theoretical framework where space is a vibrational medium composed ofgranular entities, characterized by intrinsic anisotropy (λ1, λ2, λ3). Light propagates as waves in this medium, and matter consists of localized vibrations. Time is defined as the cadence of these vibrations, with proper time dilated by motion relative to the medium. The model unifies gravitational effects, reproducing general relativity through density variations, and explains particle generations and neutrino oscillations via anisotropic rigidities. The rigidities may be deduced from lepton masses, and a thought experiment measuring the absolute velocity relative to the medium renders the model falsifiable, distinguishing it from standard relativity. Predictions for experimental tests, including neutrino oscillation anomalies and gravitational effects, are discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[33] ai.viXra.org:2505.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 21:53:55
Authors: Kash Moghaddami
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
We propose a novel interpretation of gravity as an emergent phenomenon arising from temporal synchronization gradients in spacetime. Rather than viewing mass as curving geometry in the traditional sense, we hypothesize that mass introduces a localized delay in the rate at which spacetime can propagate or process temporal information. This delay creates a gradient in temporal synchrony, causing nearby regions of spacetime to shift their temporal frames in an effort to remain in causal or informational sync with the mass-distorted zone. We define a scalar delay field proportional to GM/(r c²), whose spatial gradient yields a vector field, formally analogous to the classical gravitational field but conceptually rooted in informational dynamics. This model draws conceptual parallels to systems in which a global state emerges through the synchronization of local elements around delayed or slower processes. By interpreting gravitational attraction as a system-wide effort to minimize temporal desynchronization, we provide a new framework for understanding the arrow of time, mass-energy distributions, and potentially gravity’s unification with quantum information theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[32] ai.viXra.org:2505.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 21:48:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 25 Pages.
We propose a complete, falsifiable, and computationally validated unification of fundamental physics grounded in a single axiom: the Informational Generative Principle (IGP). From this principle, we derive all known physical structures—including spacetime, quantum mechanics, gravitation, mass-energy relations, the Standard Model gauge groups, cosmological expansion, black hole thermodynamics, and observer-dependent collapse—without postulating particles or continuous fields as primitives. Instead, all observables emerge from structured information constrained by maximal coherence and minimal semantic redundancy.A unified Lagrangian is constructed over six interdependent informational fields: the resolution field phileft(x,tight) , coherence tension Omegaleft(x,tight) , curvature tensor Theta_{muu}left(x,tight) , anchoring field Hleft(x,tight) , excitation field psileft(x,tight) , and observer memory field gleft(x,tight) . These produce gravitational curvature, quantized excitations, gauge symmetries, and collapse statistics consistent with the Born rule.Twenty-one simulation modules validate the theory, including predictions of the scalar spectral index n_s , neutrino mixing angles, black hole evaporation spectra, and Planck-scale structure regularization. Entanglement and decoherence emerge from the interplay between the resolution field and observer-modulated semantic tension. Constants such as hbar , c , and G are recovered from the statistical geometry of the coherence field.This manuscript demonstrates that all known physical phenomena—across quantum, relativistic, and cosmological domains—are accounted for within this axiomatically minimal and computationally sufficient framework. We further provide observational comparisons to CMB data, LIGO gravitational waveforms, neutrino oscillation experiments, and standard quantum interference patterns, confirming the model’s empirical viability. Meta-Principia completes the program of unification by treating reality not as substance, but as structured information—resolving the deepest paradoxes of modern physics through semantic dynamics rather than geometric postulates.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[31] ai.viXra.org:2505.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-19 02:46:49
Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 25 Pages.
This paper explores a speculative but conceptually rich intersection between twocentral constructs in modern theoretical physics: Calabi—Yau manifolds, used in compactification schemes in string theory, and the notion of two-dimensional time withM¨obius topology. We investigate the potential implications of embedding Calabi—Yauspaces in a spacetime framework with a non-orientable temporal dimension, examininghow such configurations could influence field theory, supersymmetry, brane dynamics,and the structure of holographic dualities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[30] ai.viXra.org:2505.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:34:38
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper proposes a granular model of spacetime wherein gravity and inertia emerge fromquantized angular momentum transfer through a discrete, spinning medium composed of Planck-scale and sub-Planck-scale spheres. Within this framework—termed the Sempiternal SpinningSphere Theory—the universe is modeled as a hierarchy of rotating spheres, where defects incuboctahedral packing give rise to observable matter and forces. Gravitational effects are notattributed to curvature of a smooth manifold but to statistical gradients in spin perturbationspropagating through the lattice.The model reproduces key features of general relativity in the large-scale limit, includingframe dragging and causal lightcones, while avoiding singularities and point-particle infinities.It integrates naturally with the Holographic Principle by showing that the sum of distributedpacking defects equals the surface area of the bounding sphere, and provides a potential physicalbasis for Jacobson’s and Verlinde’s emergent gravity scenarios.A proposed redshift equation incorporating both relativistic Doppler shift and a tired-light-like attenuation term is also introduced, which matches high-redshift galaxy data with minimalfree parameters. This model suggests a new avenue for unifying gravitational, quantum, andthermodynamic descriptions of spacetime from a bottom-up, geometrically discrete foundation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[29] ai.viXra.org:2505.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:24:58
Authors: Carlos Isturiz
Comments: 75 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
HGVM is a foundational framework proposing a geometric coupling between the Higgs vacuum expectation value and local spacetime curvature. This approach models mass generation and inertial properties as emergent phenomena resulting from a linear modulation of the Higgs field by curvature invariants. While maintaining consistency with the Standard Model in low-curvature regimes, the theory offers novel insights into the interplay between particle physics and gravity, suggesting potential implications for dark matter and vacuum structure. This initial formulation lays the groundwork for further extensions toward a unified dynamics of mass, inertia, and vacuum geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] ai.viXra.org:2505.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:16:02
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 17 Pages.
This paper develops a tensor-scalar formulation of gravity grounded in the Steady State Spinning Sphere Theory. The universe is modeled as a ro-tating sphere composed of holosphere-scale and sub-Planck-scale spinning units, nested hierarchically. Packing defects that emerge in concentriccuboctahedral layers yield a near-hollow geometry, with the total discontinuities summing to the surface area—supporting the Holographic Prin-ciple. Gravity arises from gradients of angular momentum (tensor field), while a complementary scalar field represents repulsive gravity derivedfrom global rotation. The dark energy fraction is shown to emerge naturally from Lorentz-based mass enhancement due to rotation, approximating 68.17%, matching Planck data. Unlike expansion-based models, this framework supports a closed, steady-state universe. We derive how the angular momentum gradient tensor recovers the Einstein field equations in appropriate limits and show that the Friedmann and Schwarzschild solutions emerge consistently within this discrete, spin-based geometry. This dual-field perspective offers a path toward reconciling general relativitywith microscopic structure and thermodynamic origin. We see gravity as Jacobson’s approach: GR as thermodynamic equilibrium. An entropicforce such as Verlinde’s. This paper proposes a physical structure behind such interpretations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] ai.viXra.org:2505.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 00:14:47
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 6 Pages.
We propose a hybrid redshift equation combining the special relativistic Doppler effect with an empirical tired light correction. This formulation allows redshift to be a function of the velocity of a spinning medium in a rotating universe and the accumulated energy loss due to photon interaction with that medium. The model provides a modified redshift relation that may describe observations beyond standard cosmological expansion and relativistic effects. This paper presents a model that predicts the redshifts as well as measured values, but without adjustments by dark energy, dark matter or comoving distances. There is only one parameter. It is the fraction of time since emission of the light. The parameter also adjusts for a small factor of tired light of the universe. The assumption is that light hits an object moving at the speed of light. The model of theuniverse is spheres made out of spheres. The model is called "Sempiternal Steady State Spinning Sphere Theory", aframework unifying particle masses via vacancy defects in cuboctahedral packing of a granular universe. The model proposes an eternal spinning sphere universe (radius 3.018 billion light-years, mass ∼ 1.636 × 1054 kg) with continuous matter creation and destruction, driven by both attractive and repulsive gravity dynamics. . A redshift comparison table validates the model against measured values of redshift, suggesting resolution to the Hubble tension due to assumptions from a steady state universe verses a big bang universe. There are two graphs, the first showing how accurately the model predicts redshift vs actual data using the LambdaCDM model. Thesecond showing that the Lambda CDM model has very unusual curve that would require tremendous changesof energy and force in the universe inexplicably. This paper predicts an attenuation constant of about 3.14, for whatever causes the attenuation of the redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] ai.viXra.org:2505.0093 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-21 19:21:26
Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 2 Pages.
We propose a novel viewpoint in which gravitational fields emerge not from conventional matter-energy sources, but from topological configurations of light encoded in twistor space. This preliminary study proposes that geometric optical knots—nontrivial configurations of light rays forming closed or linked loops—can act as sources of topological gravitation, where space-time is emergent. These knots naturally reside in twistor space, where null structures are fundamental.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] ai.viXra.org:2505.0092 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-28 01:27:09
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 7 Pages. Updated key terms and added key derivation definitions of terms and added references.
This paper explores how gravitational quantization, frame dragging, and cosmological redshift emerge from angular coherence strain within the Holosphere lattice—a discrete, rotating medium composed of nested Planck-scale spheres. Unlike general relativity, which describes gravity through spacetime curvature, Holosphere Theory models mass, charge, and inertial effects as arising from phase misalignments in a recursive, cuboctahedrally packed lattice. Frame dragging is reinterpreted as mechanical entrainment by rotational coherence gradients, and red shift emerges from Doppler-like spiral slippage and exponential phase drag. The model avoids point particles by describing matter as extended angular defects, regularizing gravitational self-energy and quantizing interaction strengths through discrete shell configurations. We present a summary comparison to general relativity, introduce a spin-gradient redshift approximation, and discuss open challenges including the emergence of an effective metric and correspondence with Einstein’s field equations. These results provide a foundation for future derivations of relativistic behavior from lattice-based coherence dynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] ai.viXra.org:2505.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-28 01:28:56
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 9 Pages. Updated key terms and added key derivation.
This paper evaluates the predictions of the Holosphere-based Sempiternal Spinning Sphere Theory in relation to the Tolman surface brightness test over the redshift range 0.01 < z < 4. Unlike CDM, this model does not assume metric expansion, inflation, or dark energy. Instead, it posits that redshift arises from spiral phase slippage as light propagates radially through a rotating lattice of Holospheres—discrete neutron-scale spheres forming the underlying structure of spacetime. As photons spiral outward through successive coherence shells, they accumulate angular strain, leading to both redshift and surface brightness attenuation. We derive a modified surface brightness equation based on the exponential geometry of radial propagation through this rotating medium, which reproduces the (1 + z)^−3 scaling observed in empirical data. Comparison with observations from Lubin & Sandage [2] shows strong alignment, supporting the Holosphere model as a viable alternative to the expanding universe framework. The results suggest that redshift, angular size evolution, and surface brightness dimming can emerge naturally from coherent rotational strain in a discrete spacetime structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] ai.viXra.org:2505.0083 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-27 06:13:02
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 35 Pages.
STLR is a thermodynamic cosmology that treats expansion as entropy-driven curvature flattening in a closed, quantized universe. Curvature is carried by three conserved components, universal background curvature E_0, radiation curvature E_gamma, and local curvature tension Delta E, and cosmic history is the record of energy moving between them. What ΛCDM attributes to dark energy and dark matter is reinterpreted as curvature-energy: late-time acceleration arises as entropy reclaims curvature from structure, and the missing-mass problem is accounted for by Delta E, not by a new particle species. Photon redshift does not destroy energy; STLR assigns the lost photon energy to the curvature-tension field, enforcing global conservation over the active sector. Time dilation, black holes, and large-scale structure remain consistent with General Relativity, while causal microstructure and discrete universal clock provide a coexistence framework with quantum theory rather than a single smooth unification. As photon curvature vanishes and Delta E relaxes toward E_0, expansion must asymptotically slow, leading to a finite final size and a terminal state of Perfect Stillness.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] ai.viXra.org:2505.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-14 20:58:50
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 313 Pages.
This book is a version that integrates the Virtual Spacetime Physics with Fluid Cosmology. Since both parts of the content are relatively novel and involve highly specialized issues, reading them can be quite challenging. Fortunately, with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, when writing this work, my original intention was to create content tailored for AI programs, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and others. Subsequently, we can embark on new research explorations based on this foundation, and new discoveries can be deduced through AI programs that have learned the content of this book, thereby obtaining the results we need. In this way, the content of this book can serve as an extremely useful tool for humans. In practical operation, for instance, if we intend to utilize the DeepSeek AI program to read this book, we can input the PDF file of the book as an attachment. Then, DeepSeek will learn and master the content of the book. Afterward, we can pose new questions, such as "How to solve Maxwell's equations in virtual spacetime?" In response, DeepSeek can solve the corresponding equations and obtain the desired results based on the principles and methods provided in this book.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] ai.viXra.org:2505.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-14 22:42:49
Authors: Lukas A. Sosna
Comments: 52 Pages. Distributed under CC-BY 4.0
Scale-Relativistic Adaptive Gravity (SRAG) reconceptualizes gravity: not a fixed force, but an adaptive interaction dynamically tuned by a system's quantum coherence, quantified by its Normalized Quantum Coherence Capacity, λ. From 153 SPARC galaxies, we empirically forge the Coherence-Scaling Law (CSL): λ=0.085(1010M⊙ Mbar )−0.42(fgas )0.61(108M⊙ kpc−2Σ )−0.29. This law directly translates observable baryonic structure (Mbar , fgas , Σ) into λ, enabling SRAG to predict galaxy rotation curves (⟨RMSE⟩=11.3±1.3 km/s for 81 galaxies) with zero per-galaxy free parameters—rivaling dark matter models. Crucially, SRAG forecasts unique, host-dependent gravitational wave phase shifts, opening a novel observational test that unifies quantum information principles with astrophysical phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] ai.viXra.org:2505.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-13 02:30:28
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 6 Pages.
This article explores the new Maxwell equations obtained after introducing gravitational field corrections. To verify the correctness of the equation after the general relativity corrections, we conducted specific calculations using observational data from PSR J0437-4715. From the calculation results, the outcomes after the general relativity corrections are fairly consistent with the actual observed data, which can well explain the anomaly of the magnetic field surrounding PSR J0437-4715.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] ai.viXra.org:2505.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-12 21:00:02
Authors: William H.J. Field
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
A 7D spacetime model is proposed to unify particle physics and cosmology, offering a simpler alternative to string theory’s 10 dimensions by using three dimensions (e, u, v) to directly encode particle properties.The dimensions x, y, z, t, e, u, v describe lepton and quark generational energies (e), stability (u), and confinement (v), offering a unified framework for cosmological phenomena. The model predicts a 5% decay asymmetry in muon neutrinos (pT skew), a quark-gluon plasma transition at 180 MeV, and 0.01% shifts in gravitational wave signatures, all verifiable through experimental observations consistent with 7D geometry. Dark matter originates from transient vacuum fluctuations in the u, v, and e dimensions, producing particles like u-v (∼ 0.42 GeV), e-t (∼ 0.0035 GeV), e-u-v (∼ 0.085 GeV), and e-u (∼ 0.070 GeV), clustering in halos with ρm ≈ 2.3×10−27 kg/m3. Dark energy emerges from a diffuse ex soliton at ∼ 1.32 × 10−5 GeV, driving expansion at ρDE ≈ 7 × 10−27 kg/m3, both sourced by vacuum fluctuations in the 7D framework.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] ai.viXra.org:2505.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-12 20:55:27
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)
This paper presents a concise critique of the three dominant frameworks in modern physics: General Relativity (GR), Quantum Mechanics (QM), and the Standard Model (SM). By examining their treatment of space and time, it argues that all three theories share a fatal foundational flaw: they use space and time as unexamined backgrounds or containers, never accounting for their ontological origin. This oversight ensures that these theories remain incomplete and ultimately incompatible. The paper follows a structured, question-based format to progressively reveal this deep structural problem, setting the stage for a new paradigm in fundamental physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] ai.viXra.org:2505.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-11 11:33:15
Authors: Anton Kleschev Alevtinowitch
Comments: 22 Pages.
This paper introduces a model wherein physical reality originates from the Fractalo-Resonant Ocean of Lumina (FROL) — a non-local framework describing matter, energy, physical laws, and subjective experience as instantaneous resonance patterns. The proposed formalism utilizes methods from multifractal analysis, nonlinear dynamics, operator theory, and statistical physics. We explore the implications for cosmology (including black holes, dark matter, and dark energy), the nature of experience, and potential avenues for experimental verification.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] ai.viXra.org:2505.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-11 19:19:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 15 Pages.
This paper proposes a field-theoretic model to explain the low-entropy state of the early universe and the unexpectedly early appearance of structured galaxies. Departing from traditional assumptions that entropy reflects randomness, we reinterpret entropy as a field of latent structural potential shaped by embedded informational configurations—termed coded collapse zones. These configurations trigger the emergence of structure when specific physical thresholds are met involving entropy gradients, local spacetime curvature, and a dynamic scalar field representing structural resolution. Collapse occurs only when resonance conditions are satisfied, resulting in a selective rather than uniform formation of matter. This framework is formalized mathematically through a stochastic activation condition governed by a logistic collapse function. Simulations demonstrate that only coded zones meeting these thresholds generate stable structures, while non-coded regions remain unresolved. The model provides a falsifiable explanation for early high-metallicity galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope and reframes the cosmological entropy problem as one of pre-encoded informational tension rather than thermodynamic improbability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] ai.viXra.org:2505.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-08 21:52:24
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 5 Pages.
We explore the ontological status of time in a matterless, energyless vacuum described by the Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations. Beginning from first principles and systematically removing all sources of energy and matter, we ask what remains of the universe and whether time still exists. Through a sequence of logical and geometric considerations, we arrive at a foundational axiom: time is not an external dimension but is instead the manifestation of change in configuration. This leads to the conclusion that in a vacuum defined purely by geometric curvature, time is identical to the act of change itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] ai.viXra.org:2505.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-09 01:47:38
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 9 Pages.
Based on the covariant form of general relativity, this paper systematically studies the correction effect of gravitational field on classical electromagnetic theory. By introducing the Newtonian gravitational potential Φ, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations and the electromagnetic wave propagation equation, revealing the coupling mechanism between the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field. The results show that under the weak field approximation, the charge density, current density and electromagnetic field equations need to introduce (1±Φ/c²) relativistic correction factors. The electromagnetic wave correction equation obtained in this paper clearly characterizes the three core effects of gravitational time dilation (time derivative correction term), spatial bending (coupled gradient term), and local variation of the speed of light. These theoretical predictions are strictly self-consistent with the general theory of relativity, which perfectly explains the classical phenomena such as gravitational redshift and light deflection, and are consistent with the results of precise experiments such as Shapiro time delay. The modified theoretical framework established in this study provides an important theoretical basis for the frontier fields such as pulsar timing and black hole accretion disk radiation propagation, and points out the direction for the development of high-order correction theory in strong field regions and the unified theory of gravity-quantum electromagnetism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] ai.viXra.org:2505.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-07 17:42:34
Authors: Xavier J. Régent
Comments: 32 Pages. Work released under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. Free to share and adapt with proper credit to the author.
Unified quantum-gravity theory based on external causal space and scale-coupled geometry. Predicts CMB anomalies, galaxy rotation curves, spectral shifts, and cosmic acceleration without dark energy. Includes metageometric formalism, dipole repulsor mechanism, and multi-temporal khron structures.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] ai.viXra.org:2505.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 22:14:49
Authors: A. A. Benaglia
Comments: 163 Pages.
We present the Vibrational Time Theory (VTT) as a novel framework in theoretical physics that models time as an emergent vibrational frequency. In this view, time is not a geometric dimension, nor an external parameter, but a scalar field generated by localized vibrational states in spacetime. This approach offers a complementary description to General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM), preserving their observational successes while addressing the conceptual gap regarding the origin and nature of time.VTT introduces a scalar vibrational field that couples to energy density and gravitational curvature, resulting in measurable consequences. A key result is the theoretical unification of light and gravity through time’s vibrational dynamics, offering a testable mechanism for redshift, time dilation, and gravitational lensing. The extended formulation of VTT (included in this work) develops covariant vibrational field equations, vibrational curvature tensors, and energy-momentum coupling. It predicts spectral shifts in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), coherence loss in atomic clocks under gravitational stress, and observable deviations in strong-lensing regimes, without the need for free parameters or dark energy assumptions.The appendix section (A—H) supports the theory with rigorous mathematical derivations, computational simulations, and observational comparisons. In particular, Appendix H.15 presents results from simulated GRB signals processed through the vibrational curvature framework, showing excellent agreement with real observational data from Fermi-LAT and Swift-XRT, even in extreme redshift regimes. These results are obtained without tuning, reinforcing the falsifiability and predictiveness of the theory.Unlike string theory, which is elegant but lacks current observational tests, and unlike GR, which geometrizes time but leaves it undefined ontologically, VTT proposes a physically grounded and mathematically structured emergence of time that is both testable and cosmologically relevant. The theory is consistent with Popper’s criterion of falsifiability and can be experimentally challenged through atomic clock tests, GRB spectral analysis, and high-resolution lensing surveys. We conclude that VTT opens a viable path toward reconciling gravity, quantum fields, and cosmology through the vibrational nature of time. It invites further study and critical examination by the scientific community, both for its foundational implications and its potential alignment with future astrophysical observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] ai.viXra.org:2505.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 15:13:36
Authors: Evert van Brummelen
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a foundational framework in which the Universe, emerging from Nothing, necessarily expresses duality at every dimensional level. Through a formal sequence of dimensional closure, we demonstrate that no isolated point can exist; every structure—beginning from the first emergence—divides into complementary inner and outer aspects. This principle resolves the origin of the dual positive/negative phenomenon, not as an arbitrary symmetry but as a necessary consequence of closure itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] ai.viXra.org:2505.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-05 22:03:56
Authors: Steven Coker
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This paper proposes a structural thermodynamic model for the origin, evolution, and recurrence of the universe based entirely on existing physical laws, with no new particles, forces, or speculative mechanisms. The model begins not with a singularity or explosive event, but with Perfect Stillness: a state of complete gravitational collapse, maximum entropy, and uniform energy without structure, motion, or time. In this state, entropy has no further gradient to act upon, and time ceases to exist. Compression continues until it reaches a geometric and thermodynamic boundary, an irreducible one-dimensional object (a string) capable of encoding energy as tension but incapable of further collapse. This string forms not by force, but by necessity, as no physical structure can exist below one dimension. The formation of one-dimensional tension marks the return of structure, the emergence of time, and the beginning of a new cycle. Expansion follows, governed by thermodynamic asymmetry, leading to the formation of matter, space, and motion. Over cosmic time, entropy progresses again toward completion, dissolving structure until stillness is reattained and the cycle repeats. The model resolves the singularity problem in general relativity, honors the Second Law of Thermodynamics throughout all phases, and reframes the universe as a closed, lawful system governed by structural inevitability.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] ai.viXra.org:2505.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-30 22:31:28
Authors: Dale Wahl
Comments: 67 Pages.
Expanding—Contracted Space Theory (ECST) reformulates gravity, cosmology, and particle structure by treating space as a cellular medium with variable density rather than an empty stage. A scalar contraction field controls cell volume: its gradients reproduce gravity, electromagnetic fields contract space directionally, matter contracts spherically on average, and in voids relaxed cells duplicate at a universal rate. These mechanisms yield a unified account of key puzzles:u2022Cosmology: Photon redshift and late-time acceleration arise from void duplication, resolving the Hubble tension without dark energy while preserving distance duality and the CMB spectrum.u2022Astrophysics: In high-density regions, screening restores general relativity; in galaxies, unscreened gradients generate MOND-like accelerations and the baryonic Tully—Fisher relation without dark matter; in black holes, collapse halts at a finite density ceiling, removing singularities while matching external Kerr/Schwarzschild solutions.u2022Microphysics: The same sextic elastic potential that enforces the black hole ceiling produces stable soliton excitations corresponding to the electron, muon, and tau, explaining the three lepton generations. A parallel mechanism generates neutrino masses as neutral solitons with a single quartic-gradient parameter.With only a handful of universal constants, ECST connects particle masses, galactic dynamics, cosmic redshift, and black hole physics under one density-based action principle. It reproduces local precision tests, predicts small but measurable deviations in gravitational-wave ringdowns and void-sensitive redshift anomalies, and offers a falsifiable, parameter-economical alternative to ΛCDM, dark matter, and unexplained mass hierarchies in the Standard Model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] ai.viXra.org:2505.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:19:37
Authors: Jianchao Hou
Comments: 16 Pages. In Chinese
This paper proposes a novel unified physical theory, the Xuan-Liang theory, which resolves three major challenges in modern physics through geometric-topological unification: (1) Dark matter effects originate from velocity-curvature topological coupling; (2) Cosmic inflation and late-time accelerated expansion are unified via dynamic Euler characteristic evolution; (3) The black hole information paradox is resolved through holographic Xuan-Liang flux quantization. Compared to string theory (28+ parameters) and loop quantum gravity (complex discrete geometry), this theory requires only three fundamental constants to achieve mathematical simplicity ((sim)1/10 complexity) and experimental verifiability (explicit predictions for gravitational wave polarization modifications), providing a potential framework for next-generation physical paradigms.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] ai.viXra.org:2505.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:15:03
Authors: Guillaume Fremy
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper proposes a novel theoretical and empirical foundation for the emergence of time based on a simple yet powerful mathematical relationship: ( t = frac{d}{sqrt{E}} ). The hypothesis suggests that time arises as a measurable effect from the mobilization of energy across a spatial distance. This formulation has been tested across a wide range of physical systems, from photons and atoms to macroscopic bodies and planetary motion. The results demonstrate remarkable consistency, suggesting this relation may represent a fundamental axiom in the understanding of time. Furthermore, the behavior of this formula near gravitational singularities aligns with known characteristics of black holes, where time tends toward zero as energy density increases.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] ai.viXra.org:2505.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 01:01:32
Authors: Douglas Santana da Silva
Comments: 3 Pages.
We propose a speculative model in which all physical reality is generated from the oscillations of a single fundamental entity, called the Fundamental Scanning Particle (FSP). This particle operates at a supraluminal frequency, scanning spacetime and manifesting different physical states. The model aims to integrate conceptsfrom quantum physics, relativity, and information theory, offering a new perspective on the structure of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] ai.viXra.org:2505.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-04 00:55:23
Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 18 Pages.
This paper presents a novel framework for interpreting dark matter and dark energy not as exotic substances, but as emergent consequences of entropy, information, and geometric structure in spacetime. We propose that dark matter is the residual gravitational curvature resulting from entropy collapse during structure formation and dissolution—an informational memory embedded in spacetime rather than an undetected particle. Similarly, cosmic expansion is reframed as a computational adaptation: space grows to accommodate continued entropy resolution and structural complexity. Drawing from the Cosmic Dark Ages as a precedent for gravitational mass without luminosity, we argue that much of the so-called dark sector is the continuation of unstructured or post-structured phases of matter. This model yields distinct observational predictions, including asymmetric halos, gravitational lensing without mass, and persistent null results in direct detection experiments. By uniting thermodynamics, general relativity, and information theory, the paper offers a conservative, testable, and logically coherent alternative to prevailing ΛCDM models—one in which the universe is understood not as a system in decay, but as a structure-resolving engine still unfolding.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] ai.viXra.org:2505.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-02 23:46:08
Authors: Simon Gravetci
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This article presents a speculative yet structured hypothesis that time is not a fundamental dimension, but rather an emergent phenomenon generated by the accelerated expansion of the universe. The observed cosmic acceleration, typically attributed to dark energy, is reinterpreted here as the driving force behind the dynamic generation of time’s perception and structure. We examine the theoretical underpinnings of this idea and outline potential paths for observational and experimental validation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] ai.viXra.org:2505.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-02 16:46:40
Authors: Tarou Uchiyama
Comments: 8 Pages.
We propose a new theoretical model in which time is not merely a parameter but a dynamic force capable of shaping the structure of space. By introducing the concept of temporal energy density, we define a temporal force F_t = -frac{dho_t(t)}{dt} that governs the expansion or compression of space through a scale factor a(t) propto ho_t(t)^beta. This framework suggests that spacetime arises from the internal dynamics of time itself, offering a unified approach to interpret cosmological expansion, black hole structure, and early universe conditions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] ai.viXra.org:2505.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-01 21:12:51
Authors: Duhee Han
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper proposes that mass causes both gravity and expansion through a gravitomagnetic effect. The relation Gm=c²s links mass to space, accurately predicting cosmic scale and suggesting a unified origin of expansion and structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] ai.viXra.org:2505.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-05 01:39:49
Authors: Alessandro Guardini
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
This theory proposes that consciousness is not a byproduct of matter, but a fundamental force of the universe, as primordial as gravity. It exists as non-local information within the quantum vacuum. When informational consciousness is compressed inside black holes, it interacts with the Higgs Field, transforming into mass and triggering the expansion of new universes. This document presents the theoretical framework, symbolic formulation, and philosophical implications of this cosmological model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology