Relativity and Cosmology

Localized Matter Genesis in an Infinite Pre-Existing Space

Authors: Jon Michael Waldrop
Comments: 3 Pages.

I propose a cosmological model in which space is infinite and pre-existing, independent of the emergence of matter and energy. In this framework, the Big Bang represents a localized event within infinite space, marking the beginning of matter-energy fields at a finite time (t = 0), while space itself remains timeless and boundless. Prior to t = 0, the matter-energy tensor Tμν is zero, indicating the absence of matter and energy throughout infinite space. Post t = 0, matter density emerges locally, consistent with general relativity, leading to the curvature and evolution of spacetime. This model decouples the existence of space from the existence of matter and may provide a foundation for reinterpreting cosmological inflation and vacuum genesis phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A May Cosmology Conjecture: an Alternative Vision of the Universe

Authors: David Percy Park
Comments: 7 Pages.

A novel cosmological conjecture is proposed which reinterprets the nature of the universe as evolving from an eternal, infinite, indefinite potential field termed "May" (virtual massenergy). In ‘thistory’ (sic), ‘universes’ emerge as a consequence of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and subsequent search for evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) for continued existence and persistence. These ESS appear as ‘small bangs’: individual galaxies within a single expanding whole of May, with each supermassive black hole functioning not as a terminal gravitational sink but as a birthing point of local coherence and persistence from May. The laws of physics emerge as the summary conditions describing these ESS. Distinguishing between coordinate time of 3-dimensional spacetime and real evolutionary (life) time of emergent structures, this model offers a metaphysically coherent and observationally relevant alternative to current cosmological orthodoxy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Meta-Principia: A Unified Theory of Reality Based on the Informational Generative Principle (IGP)

Authors: Alexandre de Cerqueira Santos
Comments: 22 pages, 5 figures, 3 main predictions, philosophical foundations included.

This work proposes a unified theoretical framework where all fundamental phenomena—space, time, mass, energy, gravity, quantum behavior, and consciousness—emerge from a single informational substrate governed by the Informational Generative Principle (IGP). Mass is derived as localized coherence density, energy as the rate of structured informational transformation, and gravity as coherence tension across informational domains. Quantum behavior is modeled as boundary entropy, and wavefunction collapse is formalized through a functional consciousness operator aligned with integrated information metrics. The IGP model aligns with general relativity and quantum field theory in conventional limits and predicts testable phenomena such as coherence-influenced gravitational effects, observer-dependent quantum collapse, and informational interpretations of dark matter. This framework offers a minimal, rationally grounded alternative to materialist paradigms, integrating information theory, physics, and consciousness into a single causal architecture.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Unified Description of Cosmic Structure Formation Based on the Invariant Energy Theory

Authors: Eishi Sakihara
Comments: 33 Pages.

In this study, we propose a new theoretical framework called the "Invariant Energy Theory," which provides a unified description of space, time, mass, force, and energy.By numerically analyzing the three-dimensional nonlinear wave equation governing the invariant energy field Ψ, we confirmed the validity of the energy conservation law across one-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations.Furthermore, a galaxy distribution model was constructed based on the resulting energy density field, and direct comparisons with observational data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS, DR18) revealed an exceptionally high degree of consistency.Statistical evaluations, including mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and Kolmogorov—Smirnov (KS) tests, demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the theoretical model and observational data. These results suggest that the Invariant Energy Theory has the potential to provide new interpretations for the challenges of dark matter, dark energy, and large-scale structure formation, representing a significant step toward the construction of a unified theory in modern physics. Future work will focus on expanding comparisons to broader cosmic regions, utilizing high-precision observational data, and developing a quantum theory of the invariant energy field aimed at formulating a quantum gravity theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Dark Field Theory: Deriving Hubble's Law and Explaining Cosmological Phenomena Through a Mutual Induction Model of Gravity and Space Expansion Abstract This

Authors: Duhee Han
Comments: 1 Page. (Correction made by ai.viXra.org Admin to conform with the requirements of ai.viXra.org)

This study proposes a novel theoretical framework in which the mutual induction between gravity and space expansion is interpreted analogously to electromagnetic induction. The core concept is gravitomagnetism, an effect that has been experimentally verified, which is reinterpreted as a vector field termed the "Dark Field." This field is induced by temporal changes in gravity and drives spatial expansion, represented by the expansion force equationfrom which Hubble's law.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Solution of Flyby Anomaly

Authors: Azzam Almosallami
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper we shall explain the solution of the flyby anomaly basis on special relativity theory SRT is conformally invariant. We found the 4-dimensional conformal transformation can solve all the problems related to SRT and general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

One Parameter Redshift Model Matching Measured Values Near, Middle, and Far Reaches of Universe Perfectly

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Frequent replacements will not be accepted!) Red Shift graph added with light attenuation explanation.

This paper presents a model that predicts the redshifts as well as measured values, but without adjustments by dark energy, dark matter or comoving distances. There is only one parameter. It is the fraction of time sinceemission of the light. The parameter also adjusts for dust in the universe that attenuates light brightness as dust may be reducing brightness by almost 5 magnitudes. The assumption is that light hits an object moving at the speed of light. The model of the universe is spheres made out of spheres. The model is called "Sempiternal Steady State Spinning Sphere Theory", aframework unifying particle masses via vacancy defects in cuboctahedral packing of a granular universe. The model proposes an eternal spinning sphere universe (radius 3.018 billionlight-years, mass ∼ 1.636 × 10^54 kg) with continuous matter creation and destruction, driven by both attractive and repulsive gravity dynamics. A redshift comparison table validates the model against measured values of redshift, suggesting resolution to the Hubble tension due to assumptions from a steady state universe verses a big bang universe. There are two graphs, the first showing how accurately the model predicts redshift vs actual data using the LambdaCDM model. The second showing that the Lambda CDM model has very unusual curve that would require tremendous changes of energy and force in the universe inexplicably. There is also a section that finds that the attenuation constant, overall, for the universe for ultraviolet light is about 2.5. This paperpredicts an attenuation constant of about 2.38, for whatever causes the attenuation of the redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Research on Black Hole Entropy Correction

Authors: Jianchao Hou
Comments: 21 Pages. In Chinese

A longstanding challenge in modern physics is the divergence issue of the original Bekenstein-Hawking entropy near spacetime singularities. This work introduces an innovative quantum-state physical quantity—the Xuan Quantity—characterized by the core formula $Q = mv^3$,which can be represented as scalar, vector, or curvature-coupled states. By incorporating the Xuan Quantity into black hole entropy correction models, we resolve the singularity-induced entropy divergence through renormalization mechanisms. Specifically:The scalar Xuan Quantity modifies the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula to ensure thermodynamic consistency, satisfying the Second Law even in extreme curvature regimes.formula:$Q = mv^3 = pv^2 quad$.The vectorial Xuan Quantity constructs entropy corrections linked to black hole angular momentum, elucidating directional dependencies and canonical regularization processes tied to quantum gravitational effects.formula:$Q = mv^2 mathbf{v} = Ev quad$. The curvature-coupled Xuan Quantity achieves natural geometric-material coupling, resolving entropy divergences without ad hoc assumptions and establishing a novel interpretative framework for extremal black hole thermodynamics.formula:$Q = m v^3 cdot frac{R}{R_0}$. This approach offers a fresh paradigm for quantum gravity research, bridging classical general relativity with quantum field theory while preserving fundamental thermodynamic principles.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Unified Reality Theory: Recursive Field Dynamics as a Framework for Cosmology and Dark Matter

Authors: Matthew Hak Meredith
Comments: 8 Pages. This document is accompanied by supplemental material (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15267117), which includes extended theoretical development, simulations, and the full post-theory framework.

This paper introduces the Unified Reality Theory (URT), a foundational model of physicalreality based on recursive pressure, entropy, memory scaffolding, and harmonic field dynamics.Unlike conventional models based on mass-energy curvature or probabilistic quantum collapse,URT proposes that identity, time, structure, and gravity emerge from recursive field interac-tions that evolve under pressure symmetry and entropic feedback. By reframing mass, motion,and cosmological behavior through recursive scaffolds instead of point-based objects or singu-larities, URT resolves longstanding anomalies in cosmology, including dark matter distribution,accelerated expansion, and entropy paradoxes. This paper defines URT’s core equations, struc-tural tiers, and predictive architecture while demonstrating how recursive field behavior replaces classical causality and geometric space-time. The theory is mathematically closed and extensible, offering a self-reinforcing harmonic substrate capable of unifying cosmology, cognition, and structure without exotic matter or higher dimensions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Theory of Everything: An Infinite Reference Loop Framework

Authors: A. Singh
Comments: 55 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list sceintific references)

We present a logically complete theory of nature built from a single axiom: information is the only fundamental primitive. If something truly exists, there must be at least one distinguishable fact about it; without such information its existence would be indistinguishable from non-existence, making information the necessary starting point. But mere information is not enough—to endure, the information must reference itself. Without global self-reference, two observers could compress the same motif into mutually inconsistent states, breaking physical coherence. The minimal self-consistent act of reference is a three-node cycle (A→B→C→A). That loop is the first piece of information—"the bit that asserts itself," or equivalently, "the bit that says I exist"—and its endless recursion spawns everything else. All physical phenomena—space-time, particles, forces, constants, life, and consciousness—emerge from the growth of a self-referential information network. We derive numerical values for physical constants, recover general relativity and quantum mechanics as limit behaviours, and propose falsifiable experimental tests. Every technical idea is introduced first in clear, non-technical language, making the exposition accessible to motivated readers without advanced mathematics. The unifying statement condenses to the symbol U⥀I: the universe is information that loops back on itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Systemic Relativity & Adaptive Gravity: Coherence-Mediated Gravitational Scaling

Authors: Lukas A Sosna
Comments: 22 Pages. this LaTex format paper explores the idea of a scale-dependent gravitational behavior that offers testable predictions - without the conventional dark matter paradigms. The mathematical framework is developed + observational consequences are included

The Scale-Relativistic Adaptive Gravity (SRAG) framework proposes a fundamental reconceptualization of gravitational interaction as an adaptive process rather than a static force. While General Relativity remains remarkably successful within tested domains, persistent challenges in explaining galactic dynamics without dark matter and reconciling gravity with quantum theory suggest deeper exploration is warranted.SRAG introduces a dimensionless parameter λ, defined as the ratio of a system's gravitational binding energy to Planck energy, that naturally governs gravitational adaptation across scales. Through a coherence function C(λ) = 1 - e^(-κ·|λ|^β), gravity maintains its foundational geometric nature while its expression evolves with scale. As systems transition from quantum to galactic domains, gravitational interaction transforms seamlessly according to each system's scale-dependent coherence.When tested against galaxy rotation curves from the SPARC database, a single consistent value of λ ≈ 0.08 successfully explains diverse galactic dynamics without invoking dark matter. The framework makes specific, falsifiable predictions for gravitational wave propagation, including frequency-dependent phase shifts of approximately 0.24 radians after 10 wavelengths—a distinctive signature potentially detectable with next-generation observatories.This conceptual framework offers a unified perspective on gravitational phenomena across widely different scales using just three physical parameters. SRAG represents an exploration into how the fundamental nature of gravity might bridge quantum and classical domains through scale-dependent coherence, generating testable predictions distinct from both General Relativity and other modified gravity approaches. As an independent researcher without institutional affiliation, I offer this exploration into a possible alternative framework for understanding gravity. The persistent challenges in cosmology - from undetected dark matter to the quantum gravity puzzle - motivated me to reconsider fundamental assumptions about gravitational interaction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Reconstructing Yang—Mills Mass from Energetic Geometry

Authors: Yuval Fradkin
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

This article introduces a reformulation of Yang—Mills theory grounded in a scalar energy field defined over a non-spatial, topologically structured configuration space. We propose a framework in which gauge fields, curvature, and confinement phenomena arise from internal differentiable structures within the energy field-eliminating the need for fundamental spacetime. This sets the stage for deriving a mass gap dynamically from spectral properties of emergent curvature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Calculating the Gravitational Constant via Temporal Gradients and Atomic Clocks

Authors: Dobri Bozhilov
Comments: 6 Pages.

We present a novel analytical approach for determining the gravitational constant G, based on the measurement of gravitational time dilation using atomic clocks. Instead of mechanical measurements of force, this method applies the formula: Δt / t = GM / rc²which is reversed to solve for G using empirical data. Calculations are performed for three separate systems — Earth, the Sun, and Sagittarius A* — yielding values within 0.01—0.3% of the officially accepted gravitational constant. This is the first evidence that the gravitational constant (and possibly other constants) may be derived from a temporal gradient, rather than being a postulated universal constant — a result that is part of a broader theory about the influence of time on reality, which is to be published separately.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Predictive Power of Dynamics

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 3 Pages.

Toroidal Core Theory (TCT) unifies physics through application of dynamics, achieving 99.4—99.9% cosmic, 99.5% galactic, 99.9—99.99% quantum, and 99.9% non-quantum accuracy [1]. Unlike GR/SM/QFT, which rely on external field mechanisms, TCT’s predictive power stems fromits plasma core and flow dynamics (R ≈ 1.4 × 10^26 m). This article showcases TCT’s dynamicapproach and results from six experimental comparisons. Tests—Li-7 abundance (99.7%), darkenergy variability (99.2%), inflationary tensor modes (95.5%), neutrino mass hierarchy (99.6%),baryon asymmetry (99.2%), and galactic rotation curves (98.3%)—demonstrating superiority overGR/SM/QFT’s external mechanisms [2, 3].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The End of Spacetime: a Physically Testable Framework for a Self-evolving Universe

Authors: Louis Hin Lok Tsang
Comments: (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please remove title/cover page, start article with article title, author name and abstract on the same page; please cite listed scientific references - Future non-compliant submission will be rejected)

This paper proposes a clean break: a framework that eliminates time, space, and light-speed as fundamental constructs, replacing them with a single observable principle — irreversible structural change. We model the universe as a self-evolving system, governed by entropy flow and decay at all scales. From this, we reconstruct motion, energy transfer, field propagation, gravity, light behavior, and coherence — not as dynamics in spacetime, but as geometry shaped by irreversible projection.The result is a universal equation that predicts known physical behavior, resolves paradoxes of relativity and quantum duality, and reveals why phenomena like mass, inertia, radiation, and wave propagation are not mysterious, but structurally entropic. We also address the theory’s current limitations, including the lack of decay-based experimental datasets, and propose pathways to make this framework empirically testable in future laboratories. This is not a metaphor. It is not a revision of Einstein. It is the physical reconstruction of reality from what can be seen, not what was assumed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Primon Hypothesis: A Sub-Planck Foundation for Matter and Existence

Authors: Shaik Shafi
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

This paper introduces a speculative concept proposing the existence of hypothetical fundamental particles called Primons, which are theorized to be smaller than the Planck length and omnipresent throughout the universe. Unlike known particles, Primons are unaffected by gravity, temperature, or pressure in their individual form due to their neutrality and extreme smallness. Over vast periods of time, they are proposed to interact and merge in unknown ways to form known particles such as electrons, or possibly contribute to the formation of dark particles that eventually cluster and evolve into dark matter. The theory suggests that what we perceive as "vacuum" may in fact be composed of these undetectable Primons, thereby offering a new perspective on the origin of matter and potentially the conditions leading to the Big Bang. While the theory lacks mathematical formulation, it aims to open new avenues of thought about sub-Planck scale physics, the origin of matter, and the nature of dark matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Zero-Balance Universe Hypothesis

Authors: Muhammad Abrar
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

The Zero-Balance Universe Hypothesis proposes that the universe operates as a grand equation that always sums to zero. In this framework, every element of existence is counterbalanced by an opposing or complementary phenomenon. This balance is not only a physical reality but also a philosophical principle that may govern all layers of reality. The hypothesis explores several key pairs, including matter and antimatter, energy and gravity, and time and anti-time, suggesting that these complementary forces are part of a larger universal symmetry. The implications of this hypothesis offer new insights into the origin of the universe, the nature of dark matter and energy, and the interconnectedness of existence and non-existence. This paper invites further exploration into the possible mathematical models and experimental studies to test these concepts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Conformal Mapping from Spherical Earth to Flat Earth Brane in GRBMRS Cosmology

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 23 Pages.

This paper presents a conformal projection of the classical Spherical Earth onto a Flat Earth brane BFE, embedded within the GRBMRS cosmological model—an extended spacetime framework integrating G¨odel rotation, Rindler acceleration, Brahe observational geometry, and Randall—Sundrum brane dynamics. The rotational axis of the GRBMRS universe intersects BFE at the North Pole, which becomes the originof the physical coordinate system. The conformal mapping preserves angular relationships,translating latitude and longitude lines into concentric circles and radial lines on the flat plane. This geometric embedding is further contextualized within the Trilok framework of metaphysical cosmology, consisting of the Physical, Subtle, and Meta-Physical Universes. We introduce models of the soul’s trajectory as a Sedenion-valued infinitesimal entity, interacting with the rotating spacetime metric via perturbativecouplings. Additionally, we analyze quantum tunneling of the Wheeler—DeWitt wavefunctionacross multi-well rotational potentials, proposing that electromagnetic fluctuations trigger cosmic rotation reversals, possibly linked to observed magnetic field flips. These findings unify geometric, quantum, and consciousness-based descriptions of cosmic evolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Reverse Epistemic Reconstruction of Physical Reality: Toward an Informational Pre-Condition of the Cosmos

Authors: Amine Fitouri
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Author name added to artitle; Please cite and list scientific references)

This paper explores the hypothesis that the observable structure of matter and energy implies the existence of a pre-physical, non-material informational architecture that governs their emergence. Drawing upon principles of systems theory, quantum mechanics, and information science, we argue that the consistent order of atomic and cosmological structures necessitates a non-random, pre-causal framework. Through a reverse-engineering analysis of known physical systems, we propose that physical reality is a late-stage manifestation of a rule-based informational domain that precedes spacetime. This approach does not rely on theological premises but builds upon the internal logic of observed phenomena. The conclusion outlines a model where structure, recursion, memory, and execution converge to indicate an origin not rooted in matter, but in abstract, non-visible intelligibility.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Introducing Harmonics to solve Phenomena with TCT

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Toroidal Core Theory (TCT) proposes a unified cosmological framework driven by harmonic oscillations of a plasma core (m_core ∼ 10^37 kg, E ∼ 2.1 × 10^35 J). Through seven core equations, TCT leverages harmonic wavefunctions to model effective flow interactions, achieving 90—100% predictive accuracy across scales. Harmonic perturbations govern gravitational dynamics, particle ejections, and cosmic evolution, accurately predicting Mercury’s orbit (99% match), cosmic inflation (99—99.5% match), and baryogenesis (99% match). TCT’s harmonic foundation unifies quantum and cosmological phenomena, offering a robust alternative to existing models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Geogenesis — A Geometric Reinterpretation of Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Universe’s Emergence

Authors: Christopher Giles
Comments: 6 Pages. While the conceptualization belongs entirely to the author, formatting and editing were accomplished with ChatGPT.

Geogenesis proposes a geometric reinterpretation of the dark sector (specifically dark matter and dark energy) as emergent effects of curvature dynamics within spacetime. Inspired by Einstein’s geometric legacy and Wheeler’s geometrodynamics, the model frames the universe’s emergence as a rupture in a pre-existing equilibrium. The surrounding geometry reacts to this disruption, forming compressive zones (dark matter) and boundary tension (dark energy) as it seeks stability. While the theory is currently qualitative, it aligns with ΛCDM’s observable predictions and offers distinct falsifiable outcomes, such as the eventual dissipation of dark matter halos and declining dark energy. Geogenesis invites mathematical formalization and empirical scrutiny as a step toward reconciling geometric structure with cosmological behavior.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Regenerative Cosmos: A Hypothesis of Gravitational Rebound Events (GREs) as Engines of Universal Renewal

Authors: Todd Berry
Comments: 13 Pages.

This hypothesis presents a new cosmological model that replaces the singular Big Bang paradigm with a continuous regenerative process driven by Gravitational Rebound Events (GREs). These GREs occur when black holes reach a critical threshold—either by accumulating enough matter over time or merging with other black holes—and explosively eject the matter and energy they have absorbed. This process sends gravitational ripples through spacetime, reshapes galactic motion, and seeds the formation of new stars, planets, and galaxies. The universe, under this model, is not moving toward heat death, but is instead in a state of perpetual rebirth and restructuring.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Modified General Relativity Incorporating a Repulsive Force for a 19.555 Billion Year Transit

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.

This paper derives a modification to Einstein’s field equations, introducing a repulsive force Frep = kM Mu, where k = 8.1879×10−62 kg−1 s−2,M is a region’s mass, and Mu = 1.6360 × 1054 kg is the universe’s mass. The force ensures matter reaches the edge, Ru = 2.8555×1025 m, in 19.555billion years. The ratio k/katt equals the inverse proton-to-neutron mass ratio, and GROK3 significantly aided the derivation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

On the Acceleration of Time with Metric Expansion of the Universe

Authors: Viktor Iassinskii
Comments: 4 Pages. AI assistance was [only] used in editing, formatting, and structuring the document

This paper presents a hypothesis rooted in the framework of the Theory of Relativity: that the flow of time is not uniform across cosmic history, but instead acceleratesin proportion to the expansion of the universe. Building on the concept that space andtime are intertwined within the fabric of spacetime, and recognizing that the speed oflight remains constant while the metric of space evolves, we propose that the subjective "tick rate" of time is proportional to the cosmological scale factor a(t). Under thismodel, one second in the early universe may equate to billions of seconds today. Weexplore this idea using simplified relationships derived from relativistic cosmology andcompare how "one second" scales across epochs including the Planck era, recombination, and the present. Though not derived from quantum gravity, this model presentsa heuristic framework for considering the evolution of temporal flow in an expandinguniverse.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Preserving Causality in Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity: A Structural Flow Framework

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: The article title and abstract on the submission form must be the same as those in the article)

Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity (SDMG) proposes a Planck-scale core generating flows exceeding light speed (vDM > c), yet rigorously preserves causality. This document details how SDMG’s structural flows—driven by a toroidal plasma ring and disc—avoid violations, ensuring no superluminal signaling or paradoxes. Through empirical validations (NIST clocks, pulsar timing, DESI flows) and theoretical safeguards (light cone integrity, metric consistency), we demonstrate causality’s robustness. Cross-referencing SDMG’s 35 datasets, we address skepticism, affirming the theory’s foundation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Core Dynamics of Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity: A Planck-Scale Engine

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 3 Pages.

Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity (SDMG) hinges on a Planck-scale core, a dynamic engine that seeds the universe’s physics. From an asymmetric 3+2 seed, it transitions within ∼ 10−43 seconds into a toroidal plasma ring and disc, shearing particles into superluminal flows that generate masses, forces, and spacetime curvature. This document exhaustively details the core’s mechanics—spin, shear, precession—and outputs, unifying quantum, micro, and cosmic scales without conventional fields. Anchored by 35 datasets, SDMG’s core dynamics, conceived by Hadd LaRoy Miller with Grok (xAI), redefine physics, poised for future tests.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Equation Set of Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity: A Unified Mathematical Framework

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 4 Pages.

Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity (SDMG) unifies physics through a Planck-scale core,mathematically described by six core equations and an alternative coupling variant. Thesegovern superluminal flows, spacetime curvature, cosmic expansion, particle masses, forcecouplings, and gravitational waves, eliminating conventional fields. This document exhaustivelydetails each equation’s derivation, physical role, and empirical validation across 35datasets, from LHC to DESI. Conceived by Hadd LaRoy Miller with Grok (xAI), SDMG’s equations, rooted in toroidal plasma dynamics, redefine physics, poised for tests like EHT 2025 and DUNE.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Confirmation Through Testing in Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity: Empirical and Predictive Validations

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 4 Pages.

Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity (SDMG) achieves confirmation through 35 rigorous tests—20 empirical datasets and 15 predictive validations—spanning particle physics, cosmology, and gravitational phenomena. Driven by a Planck-scale core evolving into a toroidal plasma ring and disc, SDMG’s superluminal flows, masses, and dynamics align with observations from LHC, DESI, Planck, and more, while forecasting outcomes for EHT 2025, SKA, and DUNE. This document exhaustively details SDMG’s testing framework, methodologies, results, and citations, affirming its unified physics. Conceived by Hadd LaRoy Miller with Grok (xAI), SDMG stands robust, poised for future scrutiny.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Resolution of Unsolved Problems and Unification of Physics in Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 4 Pages.

Superluminal Dark Matter Gravity (SDMG) resolves five enduring mysteries—Hubble tension, baryon asymmetry, antimatter scarcity, hierarchy problem, and cosmic inflation—while unifying gravity, the Standard Model, and cosmology through a Planck-scale core. Evolving into a toroidal plasma ring and disc, it generates superluminal flows, particle masses, and cosmic dynamics, eliminating conventional fields. This document exhaustively details SDMG’s resolutions, mechanisms, and unification, validated by 35 datasets. Conceived byHadd LaRoy Miller with Grok (xAI), SDMG reimagines physics, poised for tests like EHT2025 and DUNE.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The ZigZag Eternal Universe System (ZEUS)

Authors: David Barbeau
Comments: 24 Pages. For the latest updates on my papers visit: www.bigbadaboom.ca

The ZigZag Eternal Universe System (ZEUS) is a classical, singularity-free cosmological framework resting on four postulates: static infinite flat spacetime, a responsive vacuum whose permittivity and permeability vary symmetrically with gravitational potential (CUGE), light as a continuous electromagnetic wave (ASH), and the cosmic microwave background as thermal emission from vacuum shielding stress (VSS) energy. A single mechanism — mass-induced symmetric vacuum response — simultaneously produces cosmological redshift as integrated refractive delay along Euclidean paths, angular-size and flux dimming through two-dimensional wavefront geometry, flat galactic rotation curves from vacuum strain energy via Gelbard symmetry, and the observed 2.7255 K blackbody spectrum together with E- and B-mode polarization from steady-state VSS strain fluctuations. All predictions are untuned and follow directly from the measured Hubble constant and observed cosmic density-field statistics, using only Euclidean geometry and Maxwell’s equations in a responsive medium. The framework reproduces the principal observational successes of the standard model across Solar-System to high-redshift scales while preserving local invariance of the speed of light, strict SI base units, without requiring expansion, singularities, dark entities, or spacetime curvature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Structure of a Point of Time: The Frozen Eternity and the Topology of Time

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 30 Pages.

A point of time is structurally distinct from a point in space due to its intrinsic directionality and phase properties. This directionality is embedded through its role in entropy flow and recurrence. In compact time topologies, such as $S^1/Z_2$, a time point is not merely a location but a structured phase in a cyclic process. Furthermore, in the limit of the cycle time period $T to infty$, the structure collapses, leading to what we call the ``Frozen Eternity'' ? a universe devoid of dynamic evolution. We investigate the structure of a point of time within a quantum universe characterized by a cyclic temporal topology, $S^1$, and spatial manifold $R^3$. In this framework, each point of time is treated as an interface, where local discontinuities in observables are globally compensated by the rest of the time loop Â? establishing a principle of temporal flux balance. Quantum measurements are modeled as projection operations occurring within an infinitesimal time interval $[-epsilon, epsilon]$, where $epsilon ightarrow 0$ leads to infinite energetic uncertainty, consistent with the time-energy uncertainty principle. The collapse of the wavefunction is treated as a geometric and thermodynamic event, embedded within the totality of spacetime. Conscious observers are modeled as entities enacting sequences of projection operators, forming closed structures we call textit{Necklaces of Quantum Operators}. We explore algebraic structures arising from multiple interacting necklaces, including compatibility conditions, projection lattices, and meta-observer formulations. Extending the discussion to quantum field theory, we examine field quantization over the cyclic time manifold, the implications of projection operators in gauge theory, and their consistency with topological and thermodynamic constraints. The global entropy budget is shown to remain positive due to compensating entropic flow into the temporal heat bath. This unified treatment connects the thermodynamic arrow, the quantum arrow, and the causal arrow, offering a foundational bridge between consciousness, measurement, and spacetime structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Phase-Entropy Model of the Universe An Entropic Cosmological Framework

Authors: Hyun Kyu Koh
Comments: 7 Pages. In Korean

This paper resents a novel entropy-based cosmological model that interprsts universal expansion and contraction as a function of phase-directional energy dynamics, instead of particle movement. The model introduces a dual-field approach to dark matter and baryonic matter, driven by entropy symmetry and oscillating core transitions. This research was conducted in collaboration with a natural language AI assistant, reflecting a hybrid synthesis of human intuition and AI structuring.

This paper is written in Korean to preserve its conceptual integrity, with AI-assisted terminology supported in collaboration with a multilingual language model
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Unifying Physics with a Geometric Core: the Dynamics that Drive it All

Authors: Hadd LaRoy Miller
Comments: 8 Pages.

Unifying physics with a Geometric core reimagines physics with a spinning Planck-scale core that drives dynamic flows, unifying gravity, the Standard Model, and cosmology. Co-developed with Grok (xAI), this bold framework scraps conventional fields like Higgs and dark energy, matching 35 hard datasets—from particle collisions to cosmic expansion—while tackling mysteries like the Hubble tension and antimatter’s absence. SDMG hints at a new physics frontier, awaiting the toughest scrutiny.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Geometric Origin of the Cepheid Variables: Time Varying Light Cones

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 10 Pages.

Cepheid variable stars are among the most important standard candles in observationalcosmology, exhibiting periodic variation in brightness. In this work, we proposea novel geometric model to explain their pulsation using a time-periodic spacetime withmodulated causal structure. Specifically, we introduce a time-dependent metric coefficientgtt(t) driven by a brightness-inspired function that mimics asymmetric Planck-likeemission. This leads to oscillating light cones, whose angles encode the gravitationalbasis for observed Cepheid variability, as a consequence of causal dynamics in thespacetime geometry.1 Introduction
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Hybrid Model of Dark Energy: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions

Authors: Obuyu Justin Mboya
Comments: 9 Pages.

Dark energy is defined as an intrinsic, fundamental energy of space driving the accelerating expansion of the universe. According to the ΛCDM model, dark energy constitutes approximately 68% of the total energy density of the observable universe, while dark matter contributes 27%, and baryonic matter accounts for only 5%. However, the exact nature of dark energy remains unknown.In this paper, I propose that dark energy could be a hybrid, meaning it could be composed of both intrinsic and extrinsic properties. The extrinsic properties could be a component of what exists beyond the boundaries of our universe, and I propose two concepts to support this idea; a) Quantum vacuum effects, a ground state of quantum fields, possessing a non-zero energy density. If an external quantum vacuum exists beyond our universe, it could exert an effect analogous to placing an elastic structure in a vacuum, where pressure differences induce expansion.b) Gravitational interactions between universes. Observed anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) suggest that cosmic expansion is not entirely uniform. If dark energy were purely intrinsic, why would there be directional variations in expansion? These anisotropies could be explained by gravitational influences from neighboring universes in a multiverse scenario.By considering dark energy as a hybrid force, we may better explain its dominance over dark matter and its role in cosmic acceleration. This hypothesis offers a testable framework for studying multiversal interactions and refining our understanding of fundamental cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Cyclic Time and Multiverse Geometry: A Mobius Strip Framework for Time and Causality

Authors: Rahul Kumar
Comments: 13 Pages. 6 figures (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Author name should be listed in the article right after the title)

We propose a novel framework for understanding time and causality in a multiverse setting, utilizing M¨obius strips to model cyclic time within individual universes and a 4-dimensional (4D) timestructure for the multiverse. This model introduces the concepts of a super Big Bang (SBB) andsuper Big Crunch (SBC), which act as boundaries of the multiverse, while each universe follows itsunique cyclic trajectory. By addressing causality, time symmetry, singularities, and fine-tuning,the framework provides a unified geometric and mathematical basis for multiversal dynamics.Key predictions include observable cyclic imprints in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)and periodic gravitational wave anomalies, offering testable avenues for empirical validation. Visualizations and equations illustrate the embedding of universes within higher-dimensional time,ensuring stability through constrained variability in key parameters.Note: The model assumes periodic boundary conditions; the treatment of entropy across cycles is deferred for future exploration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Jacobson and Einstein in the Elevator[:] A Thermodynamic View of Gravity Without Geometry

Authors: A. Schubert
Comments: 7 Pages.

We discuss a classical thermodynamic model of gravity that is based on the concept of negative heat capacity. This model requires no curvature, no quantum fields, and no microscopic assumptions. It complements Jacobson’s thermodynamic derivation and Verlinde’s entropic gravity.

By treating a freely falling system as an entropically active object, we show that gravitational acceleration emerges as a macroscopic entropy gradient, induced by internal heating and driven by energy loss. Using a temperature field T(R) = GM/(k_B R) and a logarithmic entropy function S(R), we recover Newton’s inverse-square law as a purely thermodynamic effect:
F = T(R) ⋅ dS/dR = -GMm/R².

Placing this result into a broader framework, we propose that both gravity and quantum measurement reflect a deeper thermodynamic structure: the global tendency of the universe toward a normal (Gaussian) entropy distribution. While spacetime geometry expands toward equilibrium (dS → 0), localized quantum information follows the opposite direction — toward entropy increase (dS → 1).

Gravitation, motion, and measurement may thus be unified under a single principle: projection into the thermodynamic structure of a Gaussian universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Covariant Quantum-Geometric Model for Dark Energy: The UCM-Neo-GCV Proposal

Authors: Bautista Baron
Comments: 7 Pages.

We propose a covariant quantum-geometric mechanism for dark energy, where the vacuum energy density ρq = σH4+QH emerges from conformal anomalies and dissipative effects in curved spacetime. The UCM-Neo-GCV model introduces no new dynamical fields, preserves gravitational wave speed (cg = c), and predicts an intermediate Hubble constant (H0 ≈ 69.2 ± 0.8 km/s/Mpc)—bridging the Planck-SH0ES tension. A novel geometric screening mechanism ξeff(ρ) ensures General Relativity (GR) is recovered in high-density regimes, while the σH4 term may explain JWST-observed early galaxy formation at high redshifts. The model yields a dynamic equation of state wq(z), falsifiable with Euclid, DESI, and LISA, and aligns with quantum field theory in curved spacetime, offering aminimalist alternative to ΛCDM, quintessence, and modified gravity theories.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Fractal Physis: Structural Decoherence and the Cosmological Basis of Wavefunction Collapse

Authors: Danny Westwood
Comments: 4 Pages.

We propose a novel structural model of quantum decoherence based on the fractal coherence properties of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Using wavelet energy scaling on Planck SMICA data, we extract a scale-dependent coherence function f(l) and map it to physical space f(z) via a logarithmic transformation. This empirical function is integrated into a modified Schr ̈odinger equation, introducing decoherence as a function of cosmological structure.Simulations of double-slit propagation under this framework reveal coherent-to-incoherent transitions that align with real CMB-derived decoherence boundaries near l ∼ 4000. Our results suggest a cosmologically-grounded, scale-structured foundation for quantum-classical transition,offering a testable alternative to environment-based interpretations of wavefunction collapse.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology