This article inaugurates a series dedicated to the theme "Space-Time" from a Realist Perspective. The aim of the series is to carry out a critical analysis of the Lorentz transformations and, consequently, of theTheory of Special Relativity (SR), while proposing an alternative conceptual approach to space-time grounded in principles considered more consistent with observable physical reality In this first part, the physical, mathematical, and logical foundations associated with the Lorentz transformations are examined,with emphasis on the conceptual and kinematic aspects of their construction. The article begins with a concise presentation of the theory and its fundamental equations, followed by an analysis of the points that, according to this approach, raise questions regarding the conceptual consistency of the relativisticformulation. It should be emphasized that this stage of the work focuses exclusively on the theoretical and conceptual structure of SR. The discussion of experimental and observational aspects will be addressed in the third part of the series. Although the considerations developed in this work are mainly focused on SR,they will also address certain conceptual aspects of the Theory of General Relativity. It is important to note that the considerations presented here are not intended to diminish the fundamental contributions of the creators of Special and General Relativity, among whom Henri Poincaré, Hendrik Lorentz, and Albert Einstein stand out.