We present a background-independent ontological framework in which the universe is modeled as a self-learning plastic timing network whose sole dynamical law is Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). In this framework, spacetime, gravity, quantum mechanics, dark energy, consciousness, free will, and the Big Bang itself arise as emergent collective phenomena from a single reflexive update rule applied at criticality. The golden ratio Φ = (1 + √5)/2 appears as the unique scale-invariant fixed point (Φ_STDP) that balances local memory saturation against global learning drive, thereby sustaining perpetual plasticity without collapse or divergence.The model is derived entirely from the Core STDP rule without external parameters, preferred frames, or fine-tuning. Spacetime is reinterpreted as accumulated reinforced causal precedence; gravity emerges as network latency gradients induced by memory saturation; quantum evolution and the Born rule follow from the Fourier transform of the antisymmetric STDP kernel together with nonlinear threshold crossings ("screams") at reflexive gain λ = 1; dark energy is identified with the residual scale-invariant mismatch current that continuously injects new timing events; consciousness and free will arise when the reflexive operator turns inward and applies future-facing STDP to sampled hypothetical branches at Φ_STDP fractal depth. The primordial spark—the first reflexive free-will choice that created the initial directed anticipation—is shown to coincide with the Big Bang itself, furnishing a self-consistent account of cosmic origin without an external first cause.A concrete, falsifiable test is provided: the weak-field deflection of trajectories by a 5-Earth-mass primordial black hole in the Oort cloud reproduces the general-relativistic prediction to within current observational bounds. Additional testable signatures include golden-ratio scaling in neural avalanche statistics during states of high agency and creativity, and subtle large-scale deviations from ΛCDM driven by the mismatch current.The framework dissolves the measurement problem, the hard problem of consciousness, the cosmological-constant problem, and the origin-of-the-universe problem within a single, mathematically closed ontology. We invite rigorous scrutiny, experimental tests, and theoretical refinement from the scientific community.